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史上最复杂的验证邮件地址的正则表达式

用正则表达式验证邮件地址似乎是一件简单的事情,但是如果要完美的验证一个合规的邮件地址,其实也许很复杂。

史上最复杂的验证邮件地址的正则表达式

邮件地址的规范来自于 RFC 5322 。有一个网站 emailregex.com 专门列出各种编程语言下的验证邮件地址的正则表达式,其中很多正则表达式都是我听说过而从未见过的复杂——我想说,做这个网站的程序员是被邮件验证这件事伤害了多深啊!

其实,在产品环境中,一般来说并不需要这么复杂的正则表达式来做到99.99%正确。一般来说,从执行效率和测试覆盖率来说,只需要一个简单的版本即可:

/^[A-Z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+/.[A-Z]{2,4}$/i

那么下面我们来看看这些更严谨、更复杂的正则表达式吧:

验证邮件地址的通用正则表达式(符合 RFC 5322 标准)

(?:[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+(?:/.[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+)*|"(?:[/x01-/x08/x0b/x0c/x0e-/x1f/x21/x23-/x5b/x5d-/x7f]|//[/x01-/x09/x0b/x0c/x0e-/x7f])*")@(?:(?:[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?/.)+[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?|/[(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)/.){3}(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?|[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9]:(?:[/x01-/x08/x0b/x0c/x0e-/x1f/x21-/x5a/x53-/x7f]|//[/x01-/x09/x0b/x0c/x0e-/x7f])+)/])

由于各种语言对正则表达式的支持不同、语法差异和覆盖率不同,所以,不同语言里面的正则表达式也不同:

Python

这个是个简单的版本:

r"(^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+/.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$)"

Javascript

这个有点复杂了:

/^[-a-z0-9~!$%^&*_=+}{/'?]+(/.[-a-z0-9~!$%^&*_=+}{/'?]+)*@([a-z0-9_][-a-z0-9_]*(/.[-a-z0-9_]+)*/.(aero|arpa|biz|com|coop|edu|gov|info|int|mil|museum|name|net|org|pro|travel|mobi|[a-z][a-z])|([0-9]{1,3}/.[0-9]{1,3}/.[0-9]{1,3}/.[0-9]{1,3}))(:[0-9]{1,5})?$/i

Swift

[A-Z0-9a-z._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+//.[A-Za-z]{2,6}

PHP

PHP 的这个版本就更复杂了,覆盖率就更大一些:

/^(?!(?:(?:/x22?/x5C[/x00-/x7E]/x22?)|(?:/x22?[^/x5C/x22]/x22?)){255,})(?!(?:(?:/x22?/x5C[/x00-/x7E]/x22?)|(?:/x22?[^/x5C/x22]/x22?)){65,}@)(?:(?:[/x21/x23-/x27/x2A/x2B/x2D/x2F-/x39/x3D/x3F/x5E-/x7E]+)|(?:/x22(?:[/x01-/x08/x0B/x0C/x0E-/x1F/x21/x23-/x5B/x5D-/x7F]|(?:/x5C[/x00-/x7F]))*/x22))(?:/.(?:(?:[/x21/x23-/x27/x2A/x2B/x2D/x2F-/x39/x3D/x3F/x5E-/x7E]+)|(?:/x22(?:[/x01-/x08/x0B/x0C/x0E-/x1F/x21/x23-/x5B/x5D-/x7F]|(?:/x5C[/x00-/x7F]))*/x22)))*@(?:(?:(?!.*[^.]{64,})(?:(?:(?:xn--)?[a-z0-9]+(?:-[a-z0-9]+)*/.){1,126}){1,}(?:(?:[a-z][a-z0-9]*)|(?:(?:xn--)[a-z0-9]+))(?:-[a-z0-9]+)*)|(?:/[(?:(?:IPv6:(?:(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){7})|(?:(?!(?:.*[a-f0-9][:/]]){7,})(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,5})?::(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,5})?)))|(?:(?:IPv6:(?:(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){5}:)|(?:(?!(?:.*[a-f0-9]:){5,})(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,3})?::(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,3}:)?)))?(?:(?:25[0-5])|(?:2[0-4][0-9])|(?:1[0-9]{2})|(?:[1-9]?[0-9]))(?:/.(?:(?:25[0-5])|(?:2[0-4][0-9])|(?:1[0-9]{2})|(?:[1-9]?[0-9]))){3}))/]))$/iD

Perl / Ruby

对与 PHP 的版本,Perl 和 Ruby 表示不服,可以更严谨:

(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:(?:(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]  )+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:  /r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(  ?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[  /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/0  31]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/  ](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+  (?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:  (?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*|(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z  |(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)  ?[ /t])*)*/<(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:@(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/  r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[  /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)  ?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]  )*))*(?:,@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[  /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*  )(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]  )+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*)  *:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)?(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+  |/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r  /n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:  /r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t  ]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031  ]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](  ?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?  :(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?  :/r/n)?[ /t])*))*/>(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)|(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?  :(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?  [ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)*:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:(?:(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/]  /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|  //.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>  @,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"  (?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]  )*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://  "./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?  :[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[  /]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*|(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-  /031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(  ?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)*/<(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:@(?:[^()<>@,;  ://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([  ^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"  ./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/  ]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*(?:,@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./  [/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/  r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/]  /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]  |//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*)*:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)?(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /0  00-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//  .|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,  ;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?  :[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*  (?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://".  /[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[  ^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]  ]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*/>(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:,/s*(  ?:(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://  "./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(  ?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[  /["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t  ])*))*@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t  ])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?  :/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|  /Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*|(?:  [^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/  ]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)*/<(?:(?:/r/n)  ?[ /t])*(?:@(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["  ()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)  ?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>  @,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*(?:,@(?:(?:/r/n)?[  /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,  ;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]  )*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://  "./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*)*:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)?  (?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://".  /[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:  /r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[  "()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])  *))*@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])  +|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/  .(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z  |(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*/>(?:(  ?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*)?;/s*)

Perl 5.10 及以后版本

上面的版本,嗯,我可以说是天书吗?反正我是没有解读的想法了。当然,新版本的 Perl 语言还有一个更易读的版本(你是说真的么?)

/(?(DEFINE) (?<address> (?&mailbox) | (?&group)) (?<mailbox> (?&name_addr) | (?&addr_spec)) (?<name_addr> (?&display_name)? (?∠_addr)) (?<angle_addr> (?&CFWS)? < (?&addr_spec) > (?&CFWS)?) (?<group> (?&display_name) : (?:(?&mailbox_list) | (?&CFWS))? ; (?&CFWS)?) (?<display_name> (?&phrase)) (?<mailbox_list> (?&mailbox) (?: , (?&mailbox))*)  (?<addr_spec> (?&local_part) /@ (?&domain)) (?<local_part> (?˙_atom) | (?&quoted_string)) (?<domain> (?˙_atom) | (?&domain_literal)) (?<domain_literal> (?&CFWS)? /[ (?: (?&FWS)? (?&dcontent))* (?&FWS)? /] (?&CFWS)?) (?<dcontent> (?&dtext) | (?&quoted_pair)) (?<dtext> (?&NO_WS_CTL) | [/x21-/x5a/x5e-/x7e])  (?<atext> (?&ALPHA) | (?&DIGIT) | [!#/$%&'*+-/=?^_`{|}~]) (?<atom> (?&CFWS)? (?&atext)+ (?&CFWS)?) (?<dot_atom> (?&CFWS)? (?˙_atom_text) (?&CFWS)?) (?<dot_atom_text> (?&atext)+ (?: /. (?&atext)+)*)  (?<text> [/x01-/x09/x0b/x0c/x0e-/x7f]) (?<quoted_pair> // (?&text))  (?<qtext> (?&NO_WS_CTL) | [/x21/x23-/x5b/x5d-/x7e]) (?<qcontent> (?&qtext) | (?&quoted_pair)) (?<quoted_string> (?&CFWS)? (?&DQUOTE) (?:(?&FWS)? (?&qcontent))* (?&FWS)? (?&DQUOTE) (?&CFWS)?)  (?<word> (?&atom) | (?&quoted_string)) (?<phrase> (?&word)+)  # Folding white space (?<FWS> (?: (?&WSP)* (?&CRLF))? (?&WSP)+) (?<ctext> (?&NO_WS_CTL) | [/x21-/x27/x2a-/x5b/x5d-/x7e]) (?<ccontent> (?&ctext) | (?&quoted_pair) | (?&comment)) (?<comment> /( (?: (?&FWS)? (?&ccontent))* (?&FWS)? /) ) (?<CFWS> (?: (?&FWS)? (?&comment))* (?: (?:(?&FWS)? (?&comment)) | (?&FWS)))  # No whitespace control (?<NO_WS_CTL> [/x01-/x08/x0b/x0c/x0e-/x1f/x7f])  (?<ALPHA> [A-Za-z]) (?<DIGIT> [0-9]) (?<CRLF> /x0d /x0a) (?<DQUOTE> ") (?<WSP> [/x20/x09]) )  (?&address)/x

Ruby (简单版)

Ruby 表示,其实人家还有个简单版本:

//A([/w+/-].?)+@[a-z/d/-]+(/.[a-z]+)*/.[a-z]+/z/i

.NET

这样的版本谁没有啊——.NET 说:

^/w+([-+.']/w+)*@/w+([-.]/w+)*/./w+([-.]/w+)*$

grep 命令

用 grep 命令在文件中查找邮件地址,我想你不会写个若干行的正则表达式吧,意思一下就行了:

$ grep -E -o "/b[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+/.[A-Za-z]{2,6}/b" filename.txt

SQL Server

在 SQL Server 中也是可以用正则表达式的,不过这个代码片段应该是来自某个产品环境中的,所以,还体贴的照顾了那些把邮件地址写错的人:

 select email   from table_name where   patindex ('%[ &'',":;!+=//()<>]%', email) > 0 -- Invalid characters  or patindex ('[@.-_]%', email) > 0 -- Valid but cannot be starting character  or patindex ('%[@.-_]', email) > 0 -- Valid but cannot be ending character  or email not like '%@%.%' -- Must contain at least one @ and one .  or email like '%..%' -- Cannot have two periods in a row  or email like '%@%@%' -- Cannot have two @ anywhere  or email like '%.@%' or email like '%@.%' -- Cannot have @ and . next to each other  or email like '%.cm' or email like '%.co' -- Camaroon or Colombia? Typos.   or email like '%.or' or email like '%.ne' -- Missing last letter

Oracle PL/SQL

这个是不是有点偷懒?尤其是在那些“复杂”的正则表达式之后:

SELECT email  FROM table_name WHERE REGEXP_LIKE (email, '[A-Z0-9._%-]+@[A-Z0-9._%-]+/.[A-Z]{2,4}');

MySQL

好吧,看来最后也一样懒:

SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `email` NOT REGEXP '^[A-Z0-9._%-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+/.[A-Z]{2,4}$';

那么,你有没有关于验证邮件地址的正则表达式分享给大家?

来源: https://linux.cn/article-5963-1.html
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