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Servlet之Filter详细讲解

Filter,过滤器,顾名思义,即是对数据等的过滤,预处理过程。为什么要引入过滤器呢?在平常访问网站的时候,有时候发一些敏感的信息,发出后显示时 就会将敏感信息用*等字符替代,这就是用过滤器对信息进行了处理。这只是一个简单的例子,当然,过滤器那么强大,它的功能也不可能局限于此,它不仅能预处 理数据,只要是发送过来的请求它都是可以预处理的,同时,它还可以对服务器返回的响应进行预处理,这样,大大减轻了服务器的压力。例如,实现URL级别的 权限访问控制、过滤敏感词汇、压缩响应信息等一些高级功能。下面来详细介绍一下过滤器。

一、定义

学习一个东西,我们首先要理解它的定义。

1.概念

过滤作用,对从客户端向服务器端发送的请求进行过滤,也可以对服务器端返回的响应进行处理。它使用户可以改变一个request和修改一个 response.。Filter 不是一个servlet,它不能产生一个response,但是它能够在一个request到达servlet之前预处理request,也可以在 response离开servlet时处理response。换句话说,filter其实是客户端与servlet中间的一个传递者,并且它可以对要传递 的东西进行修改。

Servlet之Filter详细讲解

注意:过滤器是用来拦截请求和响应的,不能产生响应,而servlet是用来处理请求并产生响应的。

2.适用场合

实现URL级别的权限访问控制,过滤敏感词汇,压缩响应信息等。

3.过滤器如何实现拦截

  • 当客户端发生请求后,在HttpServletRequest 到达Servlet 之前,过滤器拦截客户的HttpServletRequest 。 
  • 根据需要检查HttpServletRequest ,也可以修改HttpServletRequest 头和数据。 
  • 在过滤器中调用doFilter方法,对请求放行。请求到达Servlet后,对请求进行处理并产生 HttpServletResponse发送给客户端。
  • 在HttpServletResponse 到达客户端之前,过滤器拦截HttpServletResponse 。 
  • 根据需要检查HttpServletResponse ,可以修改HttpServletResponse 头和数据。
  • 最后, HttpServletResponse到达客户端。

4.Filter接口

Servlet API提供了一个Filter接口,编写的过滤器必须实现该接口。

5.Filter的生命周期

(1)Filter接口中有三个重要的方法。

  • init()方法:初始化参数,在创建Filter时自动调用。当我们需要设置初始化参数的时候,可以写到该方法中。
  • doFilter()方法:拦截到要执行的请求时,doFilter就会执行。这里面写我们对请求和响应的预处理。
  • destroy()方法:在销毁Filter时自动调用。

(2)Filter的生命周期

Filter的创建和销毁由web服务器控制。

  • 服务器启动的时候,web服务器创建Filter的实例对象,并调用其init方法,完成对象的初始化功能。filter对象只会创建一次,init方法也只会执行一次。
  • 拦截到请求时,执行doFilter方法。可以执行多次。
  • 服务器关闭时,web服务器销毁Filter的实例对象。

6.Filter对象——FilterConfig

用 户在配置filter时,可以使用<init-param>为filter配置一些初始化参数,当web容器实例化Filter对象,调用其 init方法时,会把封装了filter初始化参数的filterConfig对象传递进来。因此开发人员在编写filter时,通过 filterConfig对象的方法,就可获得:

  • String getFilterName():得到filter的名称。
  • String getInitParameter(String name): 返回在部署描述中指定名称的初始化参数的值。如果不存在返回null.
  • Enumeration getInitParameterNames():返回过滤器的所有初始化参数的名字的枚举集合。
  • public ServletContext getServletContext():返回Servlet上下文对象的引用。

7.过滤器链——FilterChain

一组过滤器对某些web资源进行拦截,那么这组过滤器就称为过滤器链。过滤器的执行顺序和<filter-mapping>有关(谁在前先执行谁)。

Servlet之Filter详细讲解

二、开发步骤

了解了过滤器的相关概念,接下来进行实例开发。

1.编写步骤

  • 编写java类实现Filter接口,并实现其doFilter方法。
  • 在 web.xml 文件中使用<filter>和<filter-mapping>元素对编写的filter类进行注册,并设置它所能拦截的资源。

2.示例

(1)简单的Filter示例

  •  编写FilterDemo1类
 1 package com.oracle.filter;  2   3 import java.io.IOException;  4   5 import javax.servlet.Filter;  6 import javax.servlet.FilterChain;  7 import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;  8 import javax.servlet.ServletException;  9 import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; 10 import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; 11  12 public class FilterDemo1 implements Filter{ 13  14     /* 15      * 对Filter的整个生命周期了解的一个案例 16      * 注意事项: 17      * 1.实现Filter接口时导入的是javax.servlet.Filter包 18      * 2.方法均有web服务器自动调用,不需我们手动调用 19      * 3.init方法中一般写初始化参数,这里先不用,后面的例子再使用。 20      * 4.destroy方法一般不需要写任何代码 21      * 5.重写doFilter方法,可以写我们对拦截的请求和响应的处理动作。 22      * 6.写完该类后配置filter,在web.xml中配置。 23      * @see javax.servlet.Filter#init(javax.servlet.FilterConfig) 24      */ 25     @Override 26     public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { 27         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 28         System.out.println("FilterDemo1的init方法被调用"); 29     } 30  31     @Override 32     public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, 33             FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { 34         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 35         System.out.println("我是FilterDemo1,客户端向Servlet发送的请求被我拦截到了"); 36         chain.doFilter(request, response); 37         System.out.println("我是FilterDemo1,Servlet向客户端发送的响应被我拦截到了"); 38     } 39  40     @Override 41     public void destroy() { 42         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 43         System.out.println("FilterDemo1的destroy方法被调用"); 44     } 45  46 }
  • 配置filter,在web.xml文件中加入下面这段代码
1 <filter> 2       <filter-name>filterDemo1</filter-name> 3       <filter-class>com.oracle.filter.FilterDemo1</filter-class> 4   </filter> 5   <filter-mapping> 6       <filter-name>filterDemo1</filter-name> 7       <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> 8       <!-- /*是对所有的文件进行拦截 --> 9   </filter-mapping>
  • 控制台结果

Servlet之Filter详细讲解

  • 分 析:从上面结果可以看出,在服务器启动时,就调用了init方法,当访问页面时,该过滤器拦截到请求执行doFilter方法,在该方法中,使用 doFilter方法,当返回响应后,继续执行剩下的代码,执行完成后将响应传给客户端。当关闭服务器时,服务器就调用了destroy方法。

(2) Filter链示例

  • 编写FilterDemo1类
 1 package com.oracle.filter;  2   3 import java.io.IOException;  4   5 import javax.servlet.Filter;  6 import javax.servlet.FilterChain;  7 import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;  8 import javax.servlet.ServletException;  9 import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; 10 import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; 11  12 public class FilterDemo1 implements Filter{ 13  14     /* 15      * @see javax.servlet.Filter#init(javax.servlet.FilterConfig) 16      */ 17     @Override 18     public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { 19         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 20     } 21  22     @Override 23     public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, 24             FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { 25         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 26         System.out.println("我是FilterDemo1,客户端向Servlet发送的请求被我拦截到了"); 27         //对请求放行,进入下一个过滤器FilterDemo2 28         chain.doFilter(request, response); 29         System.out.println("我是FilterDemo1,Servlet向客户端发送的响应被我拦截到了"); 30     } 31  32     @Override 33     public void destroy() { 34         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 35     } 36  37 }
  •   编写FilterDemo2类
 1 package com.oracle.filter;  2   3 import java.io.IOException;  4   5 import javax.servlet.Filter;  6 import javax.servlet.FilterChain;  7 import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;  8 import javax.servlet.ServletException;  9 import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; 10 import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; 11  12 public class FilterDemo2 implements Filter{ 13  14     @Override 15     public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { 16         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 17          18     } 19  20     @Override 21     public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, 22             FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { 23         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 24         System.out.println("我是FilterDemo2,客户端向Servlet发送的请求被我拦截到了"); 25         //对请求放行,进入Servlet 26         chain.doFilter(request, response); 27         System.out.println("我是FilterDemo2,Servlet向客户端发送的响应被我拦截到了"); 28     } 29  30     @Override 31     public void destroy() { 32         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 33          34     } 35  36 }
  •   配置filter,在web.xml文件中加入下面这段代码
 1 <filter>  2       <filter-name>filterDemo1</filter-name>  3       <filter-class>com.oracle.filter.FilterDemo1</filter-class>  4   </filter>  5   <filter>  6       <filter-name>filterDemo2</filter-name>  7       <filter-class>com.oracle.filter.FilterDemo2</filter-class>  8   </filter>  9    10   <filter-mapping> 11       <filter-name>filterDemo1</filter-name> 12       <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> 13       <!-- /*是对所有的文件进行拦截 --> 14   </filter-mapping> 15   <filter-mapping> 16       <filter-name>filterDemo2</filter-name> 17       <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> 18       <!-- /*是对所有的文件进行拦截 --> 19   </filter-mapping>
  •   控制台结果

Servlet之Filter详细讲解

  • 分 析:当有多个过滤器对同一个请求进行拦截时,根据web.xml文件中<filter-mapping>的配置顺序,谁在前,先执行谁。当第 一过滤器拦截成功后,会执行doFilter方法,该方法中,调用chain.doFilter方法,会将该请求放行给下一个过滤器,依次执行,直到执行 到最后一个过滤器,当最后一个过滤器调用chain.doFilter方法时,请求会被放行给Servlet,当Servlet处理返回响应信息时,先返 回到最后执行的过滤器,继续执行该过滤器剩下的代码。依次返回,直到返回到第一个过滤器,最后返回给客户端。

(3) 禁用所有动态页面的缓存过滤器

  • 编写FilterDemo3类
1 package com.oracle.filter;  2   3 import java.io.IOException;  4   5 import javax.servlet.Filter;  6 import javax.servlet.FilterChain;  7 import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;  8 import javax.servlet.ServletException;  9 import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; 10 import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; 11 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 12  13 public class FilterDemo3 implements Filter{ 14  15     @Override 16     public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { 17         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 18          19     } 20  21     @Override 22     public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, 23             FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { 24         // 在response的头部设置Cache-Control、Pragma和Expires即可取消缓存 25         HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse)response; 26         resp.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache"); 27         resp.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache"); 28         resp.setDateHeader("Expires", -1); 29         chain.doFilter(request, resp); 30     } 31  32     @Override 33     public void destroy() { 34         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 35          36     } 37  38 }
  •  配置filter,在web.xml文件中加入下面这段代码
1 <filter> 2       <filter-name>filterDemo3</filter-name> 3       <filter-class>com.oracle.filter.FilterDemo3</filter-class> 4   </filter> 5    6   <filter-mapping> 7       <filter-name>filterDemo3</filter-name> 8       <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> 9   </filter-mapping>

(4) 分IP统计网站的访问次数过滤器

  • 编写FilterDemo4类
 1 package com.oracle.filter;  2   3 import java.io.IOException;  4 import java.util.HashMap;  5 import java.util.Map;  6   7 import javax.servlet.Filter;  8 import javax.servlet.FilterChain;  9 import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; 10 import javax.servlet.ServletContext; 11 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 12 import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; 13 import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; 14  15 public class FilterDemo4 implements Filter{ 16  17     private FilterConfig filterConfig; 18     @Override 19     public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { 20         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 21  22         //初始化参数,ipCount用来存放ip及访问次数 23         ServletContext application = filterConfig.getServletContext(); 24         Map<String,Integer> ipCount = new HashMap<String,Integer>(); 25         application.setAttribute("ipCount",ipCount); 26         this.filterConfig = filterConfig; 27     } 28  29      30     @Override 31     public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, 32             FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { 33         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 34         ServletContext application = filterConfig.getServletContext(); 35         Map<String,Integer> ipCount = (HashMap<String,Integer>)application.getAttribute("ipCount"); 36         String ip = request.getRemoteAddr(); 37         Integer count = ipCount.get(ip); 38         if(count != null){ 39             //Map中存在该ip 40             count = count + 1; 41         }else{ 42             count = 1; 43         } 44         ipCount.put(ip, count); 45         application.setAttribute("ipCount",ipCount); 46         chain.doFilter(request, response); 47     } 48  49     @Override 50     public void destroy() { 51         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 52  53     } 54  55 }
  • 编写index.jsp页面
 1 <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>  2 <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>  3 <%  4 String path = request.getContextPath();  5 String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";  6 %>  7   8 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">  9 <html> 10   <head> 11     <base href="<%=basePath%>"> 12      13     <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> 14     <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> 15     <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> 16     <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">     17     <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> 18     <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> 19     <!-- 20     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> 21     --> 22   </head> 23    24   <body> 25     <h1>分IP统计网站浏览次数</h1> 26    <table border="1" width="400"> 27        <tr> 28            <th>IP地址</th> 29            <th>浏览次数</th> 30        </tr> 31        <c:forEach items="${ipCount}" var="m"> 32            <tr> 33                <td>${m.key}</td> 34                <td>${m.value}</td> 35            </tr> 36        </c:forEach> 37    </table> 38   </body> 39 </html>
  • 配置filter,在web.xml文件中加入下面这段代码
1 <filter> 2       <filter-name>filterDemo4</filter-name> 3       <filter-class>com.oracle.filter.FilterDemo4</filter-class> 4   </filter> 5    6   <filter-mapping> 7       <filter-name>filterDemo4</filter-name> 8       <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> 9   </filter-mapping>
  •   网页结果

Servlet之Filter详细讲解

(5)自动登录

  • 编写AutoLoginFilter类
 1 package com.oracle.filter;  2   3 import java.io.IOException;  4   5 import javax.servlet.Filter;  6 import javax.servlet.FilterChain;  7 import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;  8 import javax.servlet.ServletException;  9 import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; 10 import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; 11 import javax.servlet.http.Cookie; 12 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 13 import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; 14  15 import com.oracle.biz.UserInfoBiz; 16 import com.oracle.biz.impl.UserInfoBizImpl; 17 import com.oracle.entity.UserInfo; 18 import com.oracle.util.CookieUtil; 19  20 public class AutoLoginFilter implements Filter{ 21  22     @Override 23     public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { 24         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 25          26     } 27  28     @Override 29     public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, 30             FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { 31         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 32         //先判断session中是否存在,存在则放行,不存在则判断cookie中是否存在用户名密码,存在则到数据库中查询是否正确,正确则存入session并放行,不正确则放行 33         HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest)request; 34         HttpSession session = req.getSession(); 35         UserInfo user = (UserInfo)session.getAttribute("user"); 36         if(user != null){ 37             chain.doFilter(req, response); 38         }else{ 39             //session中不存在用户 40             Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies(); 41             Cookie cookie = CookieUtil.findCookie(cookies, "autoLogin"); 42             if(cookie!=null){ 43                 //在cookie中找到该用户 44                 UserInfoBiz ubiz = new UserInfoBizImpl(); 45                 String name = cookie.getValue().split("#oracle#")[0]; 46                 String pwd = cookie.getValue().split("#oracle#")[1]; 47                 String msg = ubiz.login(name, pwd); 48                 if("登陆成功!".equals(msg)){ 49                     user = ubiz.getByName(name); 50                     session.setAttribute("user", user); 51                     chain.doFilter(req, response); 52                 }else{ 53                     chain.doFilter(req, response); 54                 } 55             }else{ 56                 //没有找到该客户 57                 chain.doFilter(req, response); 58             } 59         } 60     } 61  62     @Override 63     public void destroy() { 64         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 65          66     } 67  68      69 }
  • 编写DoLoginServlet
 1 package com.oracle.servlet;  2   3 import java.io.IOException;  4   5 import javax.servlet.ServletException;  6 import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;  7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;  8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;  9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 10 import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; 11  12 import com.oracle.biz.UserInfoBiz; 13 import com.oracle.biz.impl.UserInfoBizImpl; 14 import com.oracle.entity.UserInfo; 15  16 public class DoLoginServlet extends HttpServlet { 17  18     /** 19      * Constructor of the object. 20      */ 21     public DoLoginServlet() { 22         super(); 23     } 24  25     /** 26      * Destruction of the servlet. <br> 27      */ 28     public void destroy() { 29         super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log 30         // Put your code here 31     } 32  33     /** 34      * The doGet method of the servlet. <br> 35      * 36      * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get. 37      *  38      * @param request the request send by the client to the server 39      * @param response the response send by the server to the client 40      * @throws ServletException if an error occurred 41      * @throws IOException if an error occurred 42      */ 43     public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 44             throws ServletException, IOException { 45  46         doPost(request,response); 47     } 48  49     /** 50      * The doPost method of the servlet. <br> 51      * 52      * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to post. 53      *  54      * @param request the request send by the client to the server 55      * @param response the response send by the server to the client 56      * @throws ServletException if an error occurred 57      * @throws IOException if an error occurred 58      */ 59     public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 60             throws ServletException, IOException { 61  62         HttpSession session = request.getSession(); 63         request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); 64         response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); 65         String name = request.getParameter("myname"); 66         String pwd = request.getParameter("pwd"); 67         String autoLogin = request.getParameter("autoLogin"); 68         UserInfoBiz ubiz = new UserInfoBizImpl(); 69         //ubiz.login(name, pwd):判断用户是否登陆成功,返回一个字符串。成功则返回"登陆成功!",不成功则返回对应的错误提示。 70         String msg = ubiz.login(name, pwd); 71         if("登陆成功!".equals(msg)){ 72             UserInfo user = ubiz.getByName(name); 73             session.setAttribute("user", user); 74             if("true".equals(autoLogin)){ 75                 //利用cookie记住用户名和密码 76                 Cookie cookie = new Cookie("autoLogin",user.getUserName()+"#oracle#"+user.getPassword()); 77                 //设置有效时间 78                 cookie.setMaxAge(60*60*24); 79                 //将cookie回写到浏览器 80                 response.addCookie(cookie); 81             } 82             response.sendRedirect("success.jsp"); 83         }else{ 84             request.setAttribute("msg", msg); 85             request.getRequestDispatcher("login.jsp").forward(request, response); 86         } 87     } 88  89     /** 90      * Initialization of the servlet. <br> 91      * 92      * @throws ServletException if an error occurs 93      */ 94     public void init() throws ServletException { 95         // Put your code here 96     } 97  98 }
  •   编写 CookieUtil
 1 package com.oracle.util;  2   3 import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;  4   5   6   7 public class CookieUtil {  8   9     public static Cookie findCookie(Cookie[] cookies,String name){ 10         if(cookies==null){ 11             return null; 12         }else{ 13             for(Cookie cookie:cookies){ 14                 if(cookie.getName().equals(name)){ 15                     return cookie; 16                 } 17             } 18             return null; 19         } 20     } 21 }
  • 编写login.jsp
 1 <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>  2 <%  3 String path = request.getContextPath();  4 String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";  5 %>  6   7 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">  8 <html>  9   <head> 10     <base href="<%=basePath%>"> 11      12     <title>My JSP 'login.jsp' starting page</title> 13      14     <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> 15     <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> 16     <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">     17     <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> 18     <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> 19     <!-- 20     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> 21     --> 22  23   </head> 24    25   <body> 26     <form action="doLogin" method="post"> 27         用户名<input name="myname"><br/> 28         密<input type="password" name="pwd"><br/> 29         <input type="checkBox" name="autoLogin" value="true">自动登录<br/> 30         <input type="submit" value="登陆">  31     </form> 32   </body> 33 </html>
  • 编写success.jsp
 1 <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>  2 <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>  3 <%  4 String path = request.getContextPath();  5 String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";  6 %>  7   8 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">  9 <html> 10   <head> 11     <base href="<%=basePath%>"> 12      13     <title>My JSP 'success.jsp' starting page</title> 14      15     <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> 16     <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> 17     <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">     18     <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> 19     <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> 20     <!-- 21     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> 22     --> 23  24   </head> 25    26   <body> 27     <c:if test="${empty user}"> 28         <h2>您还未登陆,请去<a href="login.jsp">登陆</a></h2> 29     </c:if> 30     <c:if test="${not empty user}"> 31         <h2>欢迎你${user.userName}</h2> 32     </c:if> 33   </body> 34 </html>
  • 配置filter和servlet,在web.xml文件中加入下面的代码
 1 <servlet>  2     <description>This is the description of my J2EE component</description>  3     <display-name>This is the display name of my J2EE component</display-name>  4     <servlet-name>DoLoginServlet</servlet-name>  5     <servlet-class>com.oracle.servlet.DoLoginServlet</servlet-class>  6   </servlet>  7   8   <servlet-mapping>  9     <servlet-name>DoLoginServlet</servlet-name> 10     <url-pattern>/doLogin</url-pattern> 11   </servlet-mapping>     12    13   <filter> 14       <filter-name>AutoLoginFilter</filter-name> 15       <filter-class>com.oracle.filter.AutoLoginFilter</filter-class> 16   </filter> 17   <filter-mapping> 18       <filter-name>AutoLoginFilter</filter-name> 19       <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> 20   </filter-mapping>

(6) 处理网站的Get和Post请求乱码

  • 思 路:增强request对象的getParameter方法等方法。编写一个类MyHttpServletRequest实现 HttpServletRequestWrapper,重写它的getParameter方法等方法,在这些方法中对不同方式提交的数据进行转码。在过滤 器中,将request强制转换成MyHttpServletRequest类型的对象,这样,当再次使用getParameter等方法时其实调用的是 你重写后的getParametr方法,也就是已经处理过的数据,这样就不用再担心乱码的问题了。
  • MyHttpServletRequest类
 1 package com.oracle.bookshop.filter;  2   3 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;  4 import java.util.Map;  5   6 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;  7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;  8   9  10 public class MyHttpServletRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper { 11     /* 12      * 该类重写 13      */ 14     private HttpServletRequest request; 15  16     private boolean hasEncode; 17  18     public MyHttpServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) { 19         super(request);// super必须写 20         this.request = request; 21     } 22  23     // 对需要增强方法进行覆盖 24     @Override 25     public Map getParameterMap() { 26         // 先获得请求方式 27         String method = request.getMethod(); 28         if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")) { 29             // post请求 30             try { 31                 // 处理post乱码 32                 request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); 33                 return request.getParameterMap(); 34             } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { 35                 e.printStackTrace(); 36             } 37         } else if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("get")) { 38             // get请求 39             Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap(); 40             if (!hasEncode) { // 确保get手动编码逻辑只运行一次 41                 for (String parameterName : parameterMap.keySet()) { 42                     String[] values = parameterMap.get(parameterName); 43                     if (values != null) { 44                         for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) { 45                             try { 46                                 // 处理get乱码 47                                 values[i] = new String(values[i] 48                                         .getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "utf-8"); 49                             } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { 50                                 e.printStackTrace(); 51                             } 52                         } 53                     } 54                 } 55                 hasEncode = true; 56             } 57             return parameterMap; 58         } 59  60         return super.getParameterMap(); 61     } 62  63     @Override 64     public String getParameter(String name) { 65         Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = getParameterMap(); 66         String[] values = parameterMap.get(name); 67         if (values == null) { 68             return null; 69         } 70         return values[0]; // 取回参数的第一个值 71     } 72  73     @Override 74     public String[] getParameterValues(String name) { 75         Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = getParameterMap(); 76         String[] values = parameterMap.get(name); 77         return values; 78     } 79  80 }
  • 编写CharacterEnodingFilter
 1 package com.oracle.bookshop.filter;  2   3 import java.io.IOException;  4   5 import javax.servlet.Filter;  6 import javax.servlet.FilterChain;  7 import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;  8 import javax.servlet.ServletException;  9 import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; 10 import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; 11 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 12  13 public class CharacterEnodingFilter implements Filter{ 14  15     @Override 16     public void destroy() { 17         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 18          19     } 20  21     @Override 22     public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, 23             FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { 24         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 25         HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest)request; 26         MyHttpServletRequest myreq = new MyHttpServletRequest(req); 27         chain.doFilter(myreq, response); 28          29     } 30  31     @Override 32     public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException { 33         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 34          35     } 36  37      38 }
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