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Linux下Nginx+Tomcat负载均衡和动静分离配置要点

本文使用的Linux发行版:CentOS6.7 下载地址: https://wiki.centos.org/Download

一、安装Nginx

下载源:wget http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm

安装源:yum install nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm -y(注意-y参数)

启动Nginx服务:service nginx start

停止Nginx服务:service nginx stop

查看Nginx运行状态:service nginx status

检查Nginx配置文件:nginx -t

服务运行中重新加载配置:nginx -s reload

添加Nginx服务开机启动:chkconfig nginx on

二、修改防火墙规则

修改Nginx所在主机的防火墙配置:vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables,将nginx使用的端口添加到允许列表中。

例如:-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT (表示允许80端口通过)

修改Tomcat所在主机的防火墙配置:vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables,将tomcat使用的端口添加到允许列表中。

例如:-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT (表示允许8080端口通过)

如果主机上有多个tomcat的话,则按此规则添加多条,修改对应的端口号即可。

保存后重启防火墙:service iptables restart

三、Tomcat负载均衡配置

Nginx启动时默认加载配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,而nginx.conf里会引用/etc/nginx/conf.d目录里的所有.conf文件。

因此可以将自己定制的一些配置写到单独.conf文件里,只要文件放在/etc/nginx/conf.d这个目录里即可,方便维护。

创建tomcats.conf:vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/tomcats.conf,内容如下:

 1 upstream tomcats { 2     ip_hash; 3     server 192.168.0.251:8080; 4     server 192.168.0.251:8081; 5     server 192.168.0.251:8082; 6 } 

修改default.conf:vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf,修改如下:

  1 #注释原有的配置  2 #location / {  3 #    root   /usr/share/nginx/html;  4 #    index  index.html index.htm;  5 #}  6   7 #新增配置默认将请求转发到tomcats.conf配置的upstream进行处理  8 location / {  9     proxy_set_header Host $host; 10     proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; 11     proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr; 12     proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; 13     proxy_pass http://tomcats; #与tomcats.conf里配置的upstream同名 14 } 

保存后重新加载配置:nginx -s reload

四、静态资源分离配置

修改default.conf:vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf,添加如下配置:

  1 #所有js,css相关的静态资源文件的请求由Nginx处理  2 location ~.*/.(js|css)$ {  3     root    /opt/static-resources; #指定文件路径  4     expires     12h; #过期时间为12小时  5 }  6 #所有图片等多媒体相关静态资源文件的请求由Nginx处理  7 location ~.*/.(html|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|gif|ico|mp3|mid|wma|mp4|swf|flv|rar|zip|txt|doc|ppt|xls|pdf)$ {  8     root    /opt/static-resources; #指定文件路径  9     expires     7d; #过期时间为7天 10 } 

五、修改SELinux安全规则

如果访问Nginx时出现502 Bad Gateway错误,则可能是Nginx主机上的SELinux限制了其使用http访问权限引起的,输入命令setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect 1 开启权限即可。

文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf完整配置如下:

  1 user  nginx;  2 worker_processes  auto;  3   4 error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;  5 pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;  6 worker_rlimit_nofile    100000;  7   8   9 events { 10     use epoll; 11     multi_accept on;  12     worker_connections  1024; 13 } 14  15  16 http { 17     include       /etc/nginx/mime.types; 18     default_type  application/octet-stream; 19  20     #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' 21     #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' 22     #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; 23  24     #access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main; 25  26     sendfile        on; 27     server_tokens off; 28     #tcp_nopush     on; 29  30     keepalive_timeout  65; 31  32     gzip on; 33     gzip_disable "msie6"; 34     gzip_static on; 35     gzip_proxied any; 36     gzip_min_length 1000; 37     gzip_comp_level 4; 38     gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; 39  40     include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; 41 } 

文件/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf完整配置如下:

  1 server {  2     listen       80;  3     server_name  localhost;  4   5     #charset koi8-r;  6     #access_log  /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log  main;  7   8     #location / {  9     #    root   /usr/share/nginx/html; 10     #    index  index.html index.htm; 11     #} 12  13     location / { 14         proxy_set_header Host $host; 15         proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; 16         proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr; 17         proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; 18         proxy_pass http://web_servers; 19     } 20  21     location ~.*/.(js|css)$ { 22         root    /opt/static-resources; 23         expires     12h; 24     } 25  26     location ~.*/.(html|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|gif|ico|mp3|mid|wma|mp4|swf|flv|rar|zip|txt|doc|ppt|xls|pdf)$ { 27         root    /opt/static-resources; 28         expires     7d; 29     } 30  31     #error_page  404              /404.html; 32  33     # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html 34     # 35     error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html; 36     location = /50x.html { 37         root   /usr/share/nginx/html; 38     } 39  40     # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 41     # 42     #location ~ /.php$ { 43     #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1; 44     #} 45  46     # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 47     # 48     #location ~ /.php$ { 49     #    root           html; 50     #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000; 51     #    fastcgi_index  index.php; 52     #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; 53     #    include        fastcgi_params; 54     #} 55  56     # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root 57     # concurs with nginx's one 58     # 59     #location ~ //.ht { 60     #    deny  all; 61     #} 62 } 

(温馨提示:如果执行命令时没有root权限,请在命令前面加上 sudo 执行)

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