Core Animation (六) 专用图层

//objective-c
#import "DrawingView.h"
#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>

@interface ViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet UIView *containerView;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
  [super viewDidLoad];
  //create path
  UIBezierPath *path = [[UIBezierPath alloc] init];
  [path moveToPoint:CGPointMake(175, 100)];
  
  [path addArcWithCenter:CGPointMake(150, 100) radius:25 startAngle:0 endAngle:2*M_PI clockwise:YES];
  [path moveToPoint:CGPointMake(150, 125)];
  [path addLineToPoint:CGPointMake(150, 175)];
  [path addLineToPoint:CGPointMake(125, 225)];
  [path moveToPoint:CGPointMake(150, 175)];
  [path addLineToPoint:CGPointMake(175, 225)];
  [path moveToPoint:CGPointMake(100, 150)];
  [path addLineToPoint:CGPointMake(200, 150)];

  //create shape layer
  CAShapeLayer *shapeLayer = [CAShapeLayer layer];
  shapeLayer.strokeColor = [UIColor redColor].CGColor;
  shapeLayer.fillColor = [UIColor clearColor].CGColor;
  shapeLayer.lineWidth = 5;
  shapeLayer.lineJoin = kCALineJoinRound;
  shapeLayer.lineCap = kCALineCapRound;
  shapeLayer.path = path.CGPath;
  //add it to our view
  [self.containerView.layer addSublayer:shapeLayer];
}
@end

//objective-c
//define path parameters
CGRect rect = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 100);
CGSize radii = CGSizeMake(20, 20);
UIRectCorner corners = UIRectCornerTopRight | UIRectCornerBottomRight | UIRectCornerBottomLeft;
//create path
UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRoundedRect:rect byRoundingCorners:corners cornerRadii:radii];

//objective-c
@interface ViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet UIView *labelView;

@end

@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
  [super viewDidLoad];

  //create a text layer
  CATextLayer *textLayer = [CATextLayer layer];
  textLayer.frame = self.labelView.bounds;
  [self.labelView.layer addSublayer:textLayer];

  //set text attributes
  textLayer.foregroundColor = [UIColor blackColor].CGColor;
  textLayer.alignmentMode = kCAAlignmentJustified;
  textLayer.wrapped = YES;

  //choose a font
  UIFont *font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:15];

  //set layer font
  CFStringRef fontName = (__bridge CFStringRef)font.fontName;
  CGFontRef fontRef = CGFontCreateWithFontName(fontName);
  textLayer.font = fontRef;
  textLayer.fontSize = font.pointSize;
  CGFontRelease(fontRef);

  //choose some text
  NSString *text = @"Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing / elit. Quisque massa arcu, eleifend vel varius in, facilisis pulvinar / leo. Nunc quis nunc at mauris pharetra condimentum ut ac neque. Nunc elementum, libero ut porttitor dictum, diam odio congue lacus, vel / fringilla sapien diam at purus. Etiam suscipit pretium nunc sit amet / lobortis";

  //set layer text
  textLayer.string = text;
}
@end

//objective-c
textLayer.contentsScale = [UIScreen mainScreen].scale;

//objective-c
#import "DrawingView.h"
#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>
#import <CoreText/CoreText.h>

@interface ViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet UIView *labelView;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
  [super viewDidLoad];

  //create a text layer
  CATextLayer *textLayer = [CATextLayer layer];
  textLayer.frame = self.labelView.bounds;
  textLayer.contentsScale = [UIScreen mainScreen].scale;
  [self.labelView.layer addSublayer:textLayer];

  //set text attributes
  textLayer.alignmentMode = kCAAlignmentJustified;
  textLayer.wrapped = YES;

  //choose a font
  UIFont *font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:15];

  //choose some text
  NSString *text = @"Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing / elit. Quisque massa arcu, eleifend vel varius in, facilisis pulvinar / leo. Nunc quis nunc at mauris pharetra condimentum ut ac neque. Nunc / elementum, libero ut porttitor dictum, diam odio congue lacus, vel / fringilla sapien diam at purus. Etiam suscipit pretium nunc sit amet / lobortis";
  
  //create attributed string
  NSMutableAttributedString *string = nil;
  string = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:text];

  //convert UIFont to a CTFont
  CFStringRef fontName = (__bridge CFStringRef)font.fontName;
  CGFloat fontSize = font.pointSize;
  CTFontRef fontRef = CTFontCreateWithName(fontName, fontSize, NULL);

  //set text attributes
  NSDictionary *attribs = @{
    (__bridge id)kCTForegroundColorAttributeName:(__bridge id)[UIColor blackColor].CGColor,
    (__bridge id)kCTFontAttributeName: (__bridge id)fontRef
  };

  [string setAttributes:attribs range:NSMakeRange(0, [text length])];
  attribs = @{
    (__bridge id)kCTForegroundColorAttributeName: (__bridge id)[UIColor redColor].CGColor,
    (__bridge id)kCTUnderlineStyleAttributeName: @(kCTUnderlineStyleSingle),
    (__bridge id)kCTFontAttributeName: (__bridge id)fontRef
  };
  [string setAttributes:attribs range:NSMakeRange(6, 5)];

  //release the CTFont we created earlier
  CFRelease(fontRef);

  //set layer text
  textLayer.string = string;
}
@end

//objective-c
#import "LayerLabel.h"
#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>

@implementation LayerLabel
+ (Class)layerClass
{
  //this makes our label create a CATextLayer //instead of a regular CALayer for its backing layer
  return [CATextLayer class];
}

- (CATextLayer *)textLayer
{
  return (CATextLayer *)self.layer;
}

- (void)setUp
{
  //set defaults from UILabel settings
  self.text = self.text;
  self.textColor = self.textColor;
  self.font = self.font;

  //we should really derive these from the UILabel settings too
  //but that's complicated, so for now we'll just hard-code them
  [self textLayer].alignmentMode = kCAAlignmentJustified;
  
  [self textLayer].wrapped = YES;
  [self.layer display];
}

- (id)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame
{
  //called when creating label programmatically
  if (self = [super initWithFrame:frame]) {
    [self setUp];
  }
  return self;
}

- (void)awakeFromNib
{
  //called when creating label using Interface Builder
  [self setUp];
}

- (void)setText:(NSString *)text
{
  super.text = text;
  //set layer text
  [self textLayer].string = text;
}

- (void)setTextColor:(UIColor *)textColor
{
  super.textColor = textColor;
  //set layer text color
  [self textLayer].foregroundColor = textColor.CGColor;
}

- (void)setFont:(UIFont *)font
{
  super.font = font;
  //set layer font
  CFStringRef fontName = (__bridge CFStringRef)font.fontName;
  CGFontRef fontRef = CGFontCreateWithFontName(fontName);
  [self textLayer].font = fontRef;
  [self textLayer].fontSize = font.pointSize;
  
  CGFontRelease(fontRef);
}
@end

//objective-c
@interface ViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet UIView *containerView;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (CALayer *)faceWithTransform:(CATransform3D)transform
{
  //create cube face layer
  CALayer *face = [CALayer layer];
  face.frame = CGRectMake(-50, -50, 100, 100);

  //apply a random color
  CGFloat red = (rand() / (double)INT_MAX);
  CGFloat green = (rand() / (double)INT_MAX);
  CGFloat blue = (rand() / (double)INT_MAX);
  face.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:red green:green blue:blue alpha:1.0].CGColor;

  //apply the transform and return
  face.transform = transform;
  return face;
}

- (CALayer *)cubeWithTransform:(CATransform3D)transform
{
  //create cube layer
  CATransformLayer *cube = [CATransformLayer layer];

  //add cube face 1
  CATransform3D ct = CATransform3DMakeTranslation(0, 0, 50);
  [cube addSublayer:[self faceWithTransform:ct]];

  //add cube face 2
  ct = CATransform3DMakeTranslation(50, 0, 0);
  ct = CATransform3DRotate(ct, M_PI_2, 0, 1, 0);
  [cube addSublayer:[self faceWithTransform:ct]];

  //add cube face 3
  ct = CATransform3DMakeTranslation(0, -50, 0);
  ct = CATransform3DRotate(ct, M_PI_2, 1, 0, 0);
  [cube addSublayer:[self faceWithTransform:ct]];

  //add cube face 4
  ct = CATransform3DMakeTranslation(0, 50, 0);
  ct = CATransform3DRotate(ct, -M_PI_2, 1, 0, 0);
  [cube addSublayer:[self faceWithTransform:ct]];

  //add cube face 5
  ct = CATransform3DMakeTranslation(-50, 0, 0);
  ct = CATransform3DRotate(ct, -M_PI_2, 0, 1, 0);
  [cube addSublayer:[self faceWithTransform:ct]];

  //add cube face 6
  ct = CATransform3DMakeTranslation(0, 0, -50);
  ct = CATransform3DRotate(ct, M_PI, 0, 1, 0);
  [cube addSublayer:[self faceWithTransform:ct]];

  //center the cube layer within the container
  CGSize containerSize = self.containerView.bounds.size;
  cube.position = CGPointMake(containerSize.width / 2.0, containerSize.height / 2.0);

  //apply the transform and return
  cube.transform = transform;
  return cube;
}

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
  [super viewDidLoad];

  //set up the perspective transform
  CATransform3D pt = CATransform3DIdentity;
  pt.m34 = -1.0 / 500.0;
  self.containerView.layer.sublayerTransform = pt;

  //set up the transform for cube 1 and add it
  CATransform3D c1t = CATransform3DIdentity;
  c1t = CATransform3DTranslate(c1t, -100, 0, 0);
  CALayer *cube1 = [self cubeWithTransform:c1t];
  [self.containerView.layer addSublayer:cube1];

  //set up the transform for cube 2 and add it
  CATransform3D c2t = CATransform3DIdentity;
  c2t = CATransform3DTranslate(c2t, 100, 0, 0);
  c2t = CATransform3DRotate(c2t, -M_PI_4, 1, 0, 0);
  c2t = CATransform3DRotate(c2t, -M_PI_4, 0, 1, 0);
  CALayer *cube2 = [self cubeWithTransform:c2t];
  [self.containerView.layer addSublayer:cube2];
}
@end

//objective-c
@interface ViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet UIView *containerView;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
  [super viewDidLoad];
  //create gradient layer and add it to our container view
  CAGradientLayer *gradientLayer = [CAGradientLayer layer];
  gradientLayer.frame = self.containerView.bounds;
  [self.containerView.layer addSublayer:gradientLayer];

  //set gradient colors
  gradientLayer.colors = @[(__bridge id)[UIColor redColor].CGColor, (__bridge id)[UIColor blueColor].CGColor];

  //set gradient start and end points
  gradientLayer.startPoint = CGPointMake(0, 0);
  gradientLayer.endPoint = CGPointMake(1, 1);
}
@end

//objective-c
- (void)viewDidLoad {
	[super viewDidLoad];

	//create gradient layer and add it to our container view
	CAGradientLayer *gradientLayer = [CAGradientLayer layer];
	gradientLayer.frame = self.containerView.bounds;
	[self.containerView.layer addSublayer:gradientLayer];

	//set gradient colors
	gradientLayer.colors = @[(__bridge id)[UIColor redColor].CGColor, (__bridge id) [UIColor yellowColor].CGColor, (__bridge id)[UIColor greenColor].CGColor];

	//set locations
	gradientLayer.locations = @[@0.0, @0.25, @0.5];

	//set gradient start and end points
	gradientLayer.startPoint = CGPointMake(0, 0);
	gradientLayer.endPoint = CGPointMake(1, 1);
}

//objective-c
@interface ViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet UIView *containerView;

@end

@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    //create a replicator layer and add it to our view
    CAReplicatorLayer *replicator = [CAReplicatorLayer layer];
    replicator.frame = self.containerView.bounds;
    [self.containerView.layer addSublayer:replicator];

    //configure the replicator
    replicator.instanceCount = 10;

    //apply a transform for each instance
    CATransform3D transform = CATransform3DIdentity;
    transform = CATransform3DTranslate(transform, 0, 200, 0);
    transform = CATransform3DRotate(transform, M_PI / 5.0, 0, 0, 1);
    transform = CATransform3DTranslate(transform, 0, -200, 0);
    replicator.instanceTransform = transform;

    //apply a color shift for each instance
    replicator.instanceBlueOffset = -0.1;
    replicator.instanceGreenOffset = -0.1;

    //create a sublayer and place it inside the replicator
    CALayer *layer = [CALayer layer];
    layer.frame = CGRectMake(100.0f, 100.0f, 100.0f, 100.0f);
    layer.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor].CGColor;
    [replicator addSublayer:layer];
}
@end

//objective-c
#import "ReflectionView.h"
#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>

@implementation ReflectionView

+ (Class)layerClass
{
    return [CAReplicatorLayer class];
}

- (void)setUp
{
    //configure replicator
    CAReplicatorLayer *layer = (CAReplicatorLayer *)self.layer;
    layer.instanceCount = 2;

    //move reflection instance below original and flip vertically
    CATransform3D transform = CATransform3DIdentity;
    CGFloat verticalOffset = self.bounds.size.height + 2;
    transform = CATransform3DTranslate(transform, 0, verticalOffset, 0);
    transform = CATransform3DScale(transform, 1, -1, 0);
    layer.instanceTransform = transform;

    //reduce alpha of reflection layer
    layer.instanceAlphaOffset = -0.6;
}

- (id)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame
{
    //this is called when view is created in code
    if ((self = [super initWithFrame:frame])) {
        [self setUp];
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)awakeFromNib
{
    //this is called when view is created from a nib
    [self setUp];
}
@end

//objective-c
#import "ScrollView.h"
#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h> @implementation ScrollView
+ (Class)layerClass
{
    return [CAScrollLayer class];
}

- (void)setUp
{
    //enable clipping
    self.layer.masksToBounds = YES;

    //attach pan gesture recognizer
    UIPanGestureRecognizer *recognizer = nil;
    recognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(pan:)];
    [self addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];
}

- (id)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame
{
    //this is called when view is created in code
    if ((self = [super initWithFrame:frame])) {
        [self setUp];
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)awakeFromNib {
    //this is called when view is created from a nib
    [self setUp];
}

- (void)pan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)recognizer
{
    //get the offset by subtracting the pan gesture
    //translation from the current bounds origin
    CGPoint offset = self.bounds.origin;
    offset.x -= [recognizer translationInView:self].x;
    offset.y -= [recognizer translationInView:self].y;

    //scroll the layer
    [(CAScrollLayer *)self.layer scrollToPoint:offset];

    //reset the pan gesture translation
    [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self];
}
@end

//objective-c
- (void)scrollPoint:(CGPoint)p;
- (void)scrollRectToVisible:(CGRect)r;
@property(readonly) CGRect visibleRect;

//objective-c
#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>

int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    @autoreleasepool{
        //handle incorrect arguments
        if (argc < 2) {
            NSLog(@"TileCutter arguments: inputfile");
            return 0;
        }

        //input file
        NSString *inputFile = [NSString stringWithCString:argv[1] encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

        //tile size
        CGFloat tileSize = 256; //output path
        NSString *outputPath = [inputFile stringByDeletingPathExtension];

        //load image
        NSImage *image = [[NSImage alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:inputFile];
        NSSize size = [image size];
        NSArray *representations = [image representations];
        if ([representations count]){
            NSBitmapImageRep *representation = representations[0];
            size.width = [representation pixelsWide];
            size.height = [representation pixelsHigh];
        }
        NSRect rect = NSMakeRect(0.0, 0.0, size.width, size.height);
        CGImageRef imageRef = [image CGImageForProposedRect:&rect context:NULL hints:nil];

        //calculate rows and columns
        NSInteger rows = ceil(size.height / tileSize);
        NSInteger cols = ceil(size.width / tileSize);

        //generate tiles
        for (int y = 0; y < rows; ++y) {
            for (int x = 0; x < cols; ++x) {
            //extract tile image
            CGRect tileRect = CGRectMake(x*tileSize, y*tileSize, tileSize, tileSize);
            CGImageRef tileImage = CGImageCreateWithImageInRect(imageRef, tileRect);

            //convert to jpeg data
            NSBitmapImageRep *imageRep = [[NSBitmapImageRep alloc] initWithCGImage:tileImage];
            NSData *data = [imageRep representationUsingType: NSJPEGFileType properties:nil];
            CGImageRelease(tileImage);

            //save file
            NSString *path = [outputPath stringByAppendingFormat: @"_%02i_%02i.jpg", x, y];
            [data writeToFile:path atomically:NO];
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

//objective-c
> path/to/TileCutterApp path/to/Snowman.jpg

Snowman_00_00.jpg
Snowman_00_01.jpg
Snowman_00_02.jpg
...
Snowman_07_07.jpg

//objective-c
#import "ViewController.h"
#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>

@interface ViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet UIScrollView *scrollView;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    //add the tiled layer
    CATiledLayer *tileLayer = [CATiledLayer layer];
    tileLayer.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 2048, 2048);
    tileLayer.delegate = self; [self.scrollView.layer addSublayer:tileLayer];

    //configure the scroll view
    self.scrollView.contentSize = tileLayer.frame.size;

    //draw layer
    [tileLayer setNeedsDisplay];
}

- (void)drawLayer:(CATiledLayer *)layer inContext:(CGContextRef)ctx
{
    //determine tile coordinate
    CGRect bounds = CGContextGetClipBoundingBox(ctx);
    NSInteger x = floor(bounds.origin.x / layer.tileSize.width);
    NSInteger y = floor(bounds.origin.y / layer.tileSize.height);

    //load tile image
    NSString *imageName = [NSString stringWithFormat: @"Snowman_%02i_%02i", x, y];
    NSString *imagePath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:imageName ofType:@"jpg"];
    UIImage *tileImage = [UIImage imageWithContentsOfFile:imagePath];

    //draw tile
    UIGraphicsPushContext(ctx);
    [tileImage drawInRect:bounds];
    UIGraphicsPopContext();
}
@end

//objective-c
tileLayer.contentsScale = [UIScreen mainScreen].scale;

//objective-c
//determine tile coordinate
CGRect bounds = CGContextGetClipBoundingBox(ctx);
CGFloat scale = [UIScreen mainScreen].scale;
NSInteger x = floor(bounds.origin.x / layer.tileSize.width * scale);
NSInteger y = floor(bounds.origin.y / layer.tileSize.height * scale);

//objective-c
#import "ViewController.h"
#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>

@interface ViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet UIView *containerView;

@end


@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    
    //create particle emitter layer
    CAEmitterLayer *emitter = [CAEmitterLayer layer];
    emitter.frame = self.containerView.bounds;
    [self.containerView.layer addSublayer:emitter];

    //configure emitter
    emitter.renderMode = kCAEmitterLayerAdditive;
    emitter.emitterPosition = CGPointMake(emitter.frame.size.width / 2.0, emitter.frame.size.height / 2.0);

    //create a particle template
    CAEmitterCell *cell = [[CAEmitterCell alloc] init];
    cell.contents = (__bridge id)[UIImage imageNamed:@"Spark.png"].CGImage;
    cell.birthRate = 150;
    cell.lifetime = 5.0;
    cell.color = [UIColor colorWithRed:1 green:0.5 blue:0.1 alpha:1.0].CGColor;
    cell.alphaSpeed = -0.4;
    cell.velocity = 50;
    cell.velocityRange = 50;
    cell.emissionRange = M_PI * 2.0;

    //add particle template to emitter
    emitter.emitterCells = @[cell];
}
@end

//objective-c
#import "ViewController.h"
#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>
#import <GLKit/GLKit.h>

@interface ViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet UIView *glView;
@property (nonatomic, strong) EAGLContext *glContext;
@property (nonatomic, strong) CAEAGLLayer *glLayer;
@property (nonatomic, assign) GLuint framebuffer;
@property (nonatomic, assign) GLuint colorRenderbuffer;
@property (nonatomic, assign) GLint framebufferWidth;
@property (nonatomic, assign) GLint framebufferHeight;
@property (nonatomic, strong) GLKBaseEffect *effect;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)setUpBuffers
{
    //set up frame buffer
    glGenFramebuffers(1, &_framebuffer);
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, _framebuffer);

    //set up color render buffer
    glGenRenderbuffers(1, &_colorRenderbuffer);
    glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, _colorRenderbuffer);
    glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_RENDERBUFFER, _colorRenderbuffer);
    [self.glContext renderbufferStorage:GL_RENDERBUFFER fromDrawable:self.glLayer];
    glGetRenderbufferParameteriv(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_RENDERBUFFER_WIDTH, &_framebufferWidth);
    glGetRenderbufferParameteriv(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_RENDERBUFFER_HEIGHT, &_framebufferHeight);

    //check success
    if (glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER) != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE) {
        NSLog(@"Failed to make complete framebuffer object: %i", glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER));
    }
}

- (void)tearDownBuffers
{
    if (_framebuffer) {
        //delete framebuffer
        glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &_framebuffer);
        _framebuffer = 0;
    }

    if (_colorRenderbuffer) {
        //delete color render buffer
        glDeleteRenderbuffers(1, &_colorRenderbuffer);
        _colorRenderbuffer = 0;
    }
}

- (void)drawFrame {
    //bind framebuffer & set viewport
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, _framebuffer);
    glViewport(0, 0, _framebufferWidth, _framebufferHeight);

    //bind shader program
    [self.effect prepareToDraw];

    //clear the screen
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);

    //set up vertices
    GLfloat vertices[] = {
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,
    };

    //set up colors
    GLfloat colors[] = {
        0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
    };

    //draw triangle
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(GLKVertexAttribPosition);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(GLKVertexAttribColor);
    glVertexAttribPointer(GLKVertexAttribPosition, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, vertices);
    glVertexAttribPointer(GLKVertexAttribColor,4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, colors);
    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);

    //present render buffer
    glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, _colorRenderbuffer);
    [self.glContext presentRenderbuffer:GL_RENDERBUFFER];
}

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    //set up context
    self.glContext = [[EAGLContext alloc] initWithAPI: kEAGLRenderingAPIOpenGLES2];
    [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:self.glContext];

    //set up layer
    self.glLayer = [CAEAGLLayer layer];
    self.glLayer.frame = self.glView.bounds;
    [self.glView.layer addSublayer:self.glLayer];
    self.glLayer.drawableProperties = @{kEAGLDrawablePropertyRetainedBacking:@NO, kEAGLDrawablePropertyColorFormat: kEAGLColorFormatRGBA8};

    //set up base effect
    self.effect = [[GLKBaseEffect alloc] init];

    //set up buffers
    [self setUpBuffers];

    //draw frame
    [self drawFrame];
}

- (void)viewDidUnload
{
    [self tearDownBuffers];
    [super viewDidUnload];
}

- (void)dealloc
{
    [self tearDownBuffers];
    [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:nil];
}
@end

//objective-c
#import "ViewController.h"
#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>

@interface ViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet UIView *containerView; @end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    //get video URL
    NSURL *URL = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:@"Ship" withExtension:@"mp4"];

    //create player and player layer
    AVPlayer *player = [AVPlayer playerWithURL:URL];
    AVPlayerLayer *playerLayer = [AVPlayerLayer playerLayerWithPlayer:player];

    //set player layer frame and attach it to our view
    playerLayer.frame = self.containerView.bounds;
    [self.containerView.layer addSublayer:playerLayer];

    //play the video
    [player play];
}
@end

//objective-c
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    ...
    //set player layer frame and attach it to our view
    playerLayer.frame = self.containerView.bounds;
    [self.containerView.layer addSublayer:playerLayer];

    //transform layer
    CATransform3D transform = CATransform3DIdentity;
    transform.m34 = -1.0 / 500.0;
    transform = CATransform3DRotate(transform, M_PI_4, 1, 1, 0);
    playerLayer.transform = transform;
    
    //add rounded corners and border
    playerLayer.masksToBounds = YES;
    playerLayer.cornerRadius = 20.0;
    playerLayer.borderColor = [UIColor redColor].CGColor;
    playerLayer.borderWidth = 5.0;

    //play the video
    [player play];
}