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canvas中的三角运动(3) —— 正弦波运动

一. 需求:

要求:让小球沿着正弦波运动。

小球的构造函数如下:

// 圆球的构造函数
function Ball(radius, color) {
    if(radius === undefined) { radius = 40; }
    if(color === undefined) { color = "#ff0000"; }
    this.x = 0;
    this.y = 0;
    this.radius = radius;
    this.rotation = 0;
    this.scaleX = 1;
    this.scaleY = 1;
    this.color = color;
    this.lineWidth = 1;
}
Ball.prototype.draw = function(context) {
    context.save();
    context.translate(this.x, this.y);
    context.rotate(this.rotation);
    context.scale(this.scaleX, this.scaleY);
    context.lineWidth = this.lineWidth;
    context.fillStyle = this.color;
    context.beginPath();
    context.arc(0, 0, this.radius, 0, Math.PI * 2, true);
    context.closePath();
    context.fill();
    if(this.lineWidth > 0) {
        context.stroke();
    }
    context.restore();
}

二. 思路分析:

正弦波的实现可以使用正弦函数 Math.sin(angle) 绘制。其中, angle值作为变量并递增时,即可使物体按正弦曲线运动,从而实现正弦波动画

canvas中的三角运动(3) —— 正弦波运动

过程如下:

(function drawFrame() {
    window.requestAnimationFrame(drawFrame, canvas);
    ball.y = Math.sin(angle) * range;
    angle += speed;
    ball.draw(context);
})();

可以在控制台中输出以下代码,了解下正弦波的数值分布:

var fullRadians = Math.PI * 2;
for(var angle = 0; angle < fullRadians; angle += 0.01) {
    console.log(Math.sin(angle));
}

三. 实例:

代码:

<canvas id="canvas" width="400" height="400" style="background: #ccc;"></canvas>

window.onload = function() {
    var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas"),
        context = canvas.getContext("2d"),
        ball = new Ball(2),
        angle = 0,
        range = 50,
        speed = 0.1,
        isFoward = true;

        ball.x = 0;
        ball.y = canvas.height / 2;
        ball.lineWidth = 0;

    (function drawFrame() {
        window.requestAnimationFrame(drawFrame, canvas);
        // context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
        ball.y = canvas.height / 2 + Math.sin(angle) * 100;
        if(isFoward) {
            ball.x += speed * 20;
        } else {
            ball.x -= speed * 20;
        }

        if(ball.x > canvas.width) {
            isFoward = false;
            context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
        } else if(ball.x < 0) {
            isFoward = true;
            context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
        }
        angle += speed;
        ball.draw(context);
    })();
};

演示如下: http://codepen.io/dengzhirong/pen/xOZypy

四. 总结:

创建正弦波的方法,就是使用正弦函数 Math.sin(angle) 求值,并让弧度值angle根据运动时间递增。

创建正弦波的公式如下:

/**
 * range:正选的波峰值
 * center:y轴的交点
 * speed:正弦波的运动速度
 * angle:弧度值,递增的变量
*/
(function drawFrame() {
    window.requestAnimationFrame(drawFrame, canvas);

    valeue = center + Math.sin(angle) * range;
    angle += speed;
})();
原文  http://www.dengzhr.com/js/956
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