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Node.js v7.9.0 发布

看到Node.js这个名字，初学者可能会误以为这是一个Javascript应用，事实上，Node.js采用C++语言编写而成，是一个Javascript的运行环境。为什么采用C++语言呢？据Node.js创始人Ryan Dahl回忆，他最初希望采用Ruby来写Node.js，但是后来发现Ruby虚拟机的性能不能满足他的要求，后来他尝试采用V8引擎，所以选择了C++语言。既然不是Javascript应用，为何叫.js呢？因为Node.js是一个Javascript的运行环境。Node.js是一个后端的Javascript运行环境（支持的系统包括Linux、Windows和Mac等），这意味着你可以编写系统级或者服务器端的Javascript代码，交给Node.js来解释执行，Node.js采用了Google Chrome浏览器的V8引擎，性能很好，同时还提供了很多系统级的API，如文件操作、网络编程等。浏览器端的Javascript代码在运行时会受到各种安全性的限制，对客户系统的操作有限。相比之下，Node.js则是一个全面的后台运行时，为Javascript提供了其他语言能够实现的许多功能。

更新日志

util: console is now closer to what is supported in all major browsers (Roman Reiss) #10308
[9f73df5910] - deps: cherry-pick 22858cb from V8 upstream (Ali Ijaz Sheikh) #11998
[b997e62692] - test: add internal/socket_list tests (DavidCai) #12109
[c11c23b22b] - doc: make the heading consistent (Sakthipriyan Vairamani (thefourtheye)) #11569
[67d21149a2] - crypto: handle exceptions in hmac/hash.digest (Tobias Nießen) #12164
[3b765f5366] - doc: fix confusing example in process.md (Vse Mozhet Byt) #12282
[37568c093a] - src: use std::list for at_exit_functions (Daniel Bevenius) #12255
[2f9e2fcf3e] - doc: update information on test/known_issues (Jan Krems) #12262
[0f4319a14a] - src: use std::string for trace enabled_categories (Sam Roberts) #12242
[6826637f11] - doc: fix missing argument for dns.resolvePtr() (Uppinder Chugh) #12256
[4a6bb378d4] - doc: fix confusing reference in net.md (Vse Mozhet Byt) #12247
[3e8991cc56] - doc: modernize and fix code examples in modules.md (Vse Mozhet Byt) #12224
[376f5ef1ee] - doc: document the performance team (Gibson Fahnestock) #12213
[c0b7c075da] - doc: add refack to collaborators (Refael Ackermann) #12277
[83f855d505] - doc: add aqrln to collaborators (Alexey Orlenko) #12273
[2fb2289177] - doc: add sub domain to host in url (Steven) #12233
[ac200a6122] - test: add a second argument to assert.throws() (dave-k) #12139
[3cdd04b1c0] - test: skip irrelevant test on Windows (Rich Trott) #12261
[d4d6986551] - build: fix path voodoo in icu-generic.gyp (Refael Ackermann) #11217
[a735c16d52] - deps: backport ec1ffe3 from upstream V8 (Daniel Bevenius) #12061
[d641164d09] - doc: update pull request template URL layout (Rich Trott) #12216
[6feea08587] - buffer: preallocate array with buffer length (alejandro) #11733
[a703bdecc4] - build: add checks for openssl configure options (Daniel Bevenius) #12175
[b495b6acdf] - build: make configure print statements consistent (Daniel Bevenius) #12176
[f60b4553f3] - doc: modernize and fix code examples in https.md (Vse Mozhet Byt) #12171
[74d0266694] - doc: fix string interpolation in Stream 'finish' (Vinay Hiremath) #12221
[4b54520a4a] - test: refactor mkdtemp test and added async (Luca Maraschi) #12080
[8caf6fd58a] - test: add Unicode characters regression test (Alexey Orlenko) #11423
[961c89cc61] - doc: add table of contents to README.md (Jason Marsh) #11635
[a11ed6a0b3] - test: more robust check for location of node.exe (Refael Ackermann) #12120
[6083e7aa7b] - benchmark: avoid TurboFan deopt in arrays bench (Michaël Zasso) #11894
[cf1117bc13] - doc: fix the timing of setImmediate's execution (Daiki Arai) #12034
[806c4f3c0c] - doc: fix fs.read arg type (Daiki Arai) #12034
[c814c7e9ea] - events: do not keep arrays with a single listener (Luigi Pinca) #12043
[36617fd5b8] - doc: add notes to http.get options (Raphael Okon) #12124
[9e6b0a4604] - test: performance, remove Popen(shell=True) on Win (Refael Ackermann) #12138
[805ebef8b1] - buffer: optimize decoding wrapped base64 data (Alexey Orlenko) #12146
[fb34d9c210] - test: increase querystring coverage (DavidCai) #12163
[d6e9cf7c22] - doc: fix and update examples in http.md (Vse Mozhet Byt) #12169
[f057cc3d84] - benchmark: replace [].join() with ''.repeat() (Vse Mozhet Byt) #12170
[b15dc95848] - test: fix flaky test-child-process-exec-timeout (Santiago Gimeno) #12159
[72a27b3eb5] - build: use $(RM) in Makefile for consistency (Gibson Fahnestock) #12157
[3af9101d20] - doc, inspector: note that the host is optional (Gibson Fahnestock) #12149
[b52b3f6710] - test: reduce buffer size in buffer-creation test (Sakthipriyan Vairamani (thefourtheye)) #11177
[b5283f9d4b] - doc: add logo to README (Roman Reiss) #12148
[305f822a36] - net: rename internal functions for readability (Joyee Cheung) #11796
[2f88de1ce3] - vm: use SetterCallback to set func declarations (AnnaMag) #12051
[ffbcfdfe32] - src: fix base64 decoding (Nikolai Vavilov) #11995
[8823861d9d] - tools: update dotfile whitelist in .gitignore (Michaël Zasso) #12116
[87ca9a6ffe] - test: fix flaky child-process-exec-kill-throws (Rich Trott) #12111
[fdf76d5aa0] - tools: add missing #include "unicode/putil.h" (Steven R. Loomis) #12078
[6130d547a0] - deps: backport 8dde6ac from upstream V8 (Daniel Bevenius) #12060
[1ee38eb874] - (SEMVER-MINOR) util: add %i and %f formatting specifiers (Roman Reiss) #10308
[5ac719d0d2] - doc: add deprecations page to docs toc (Michaël Zasso) #12268