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spring-cloud-kubernetes的服务发现和轮询实战(含熔断)

本文是《spring-cloud-kubernetes实战系列》的第四篇,主要内容是在kubernetes上部署两个应用:Web-Service和Account-Service,通过spring-cloud-kubernetes提供的注册发现能力,实现Web-Service调用Account-Service提供的http服务;

系列文章列表

  1. 《spring-cloud-kubernetes官方demo运行实战》
  2. 《你好spring-cloud-kubernetes》
  3. 《spring-cloud-kubernetes背后的三个关键知识点》
  4. 《spring-cloud-kubernetes的服务发现和轮询实战(含熔断)》
  5. 《spring-cloud-kubernetes与SpringCloud Gateway》
  6. 《spring-cloud-kubernetes与k8s的configmap》

全文概览

本文由以下段落组成:

  1. 环境信息
  2. 常见的SpringCloud注册发现服务一览
  3. 分析kubernetes上如何实现服务注册发现
  4. 本章实战源码下载链接
  5. 实战开发Account-Service服务(服务提供方)
  6. 实战开发Web-Service服务(服务消费方)
  7. 扩容验证ribbon轮询能力
  8. 验证熔断能力

环境信息

本次实战的环境和版本信息如下:

  1. 操作系统:CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810
  2. minikube:1.1.1
  3. Java:1.8.0_191
  4. Maven:3.6.0
  5. fabric8-maven-plugin插件:3.5.37
  6. spring-cloud-kubernetes:1.0.1.RELEASE

上面的linux、minikube、java、maven,请确保已准备好,linux环境下minikube的安装和启动请参考 《Linux安装minikube指南 》 。

常见的SpringCloud注册发现服务一览

SpringCloud环境最重要的功能是注册发现服务,因此将SpringCloud应用迁移到kubernetes环境时,开发者最关心的问题是在kubernetes上如何将自身服务暴露出去,以及如何调用其他微服务。

先看看普通SpringCloud环境下的注册发现,下图来自spring官方博客,地址是: https://spring.io/blog/2015/0... ,

spring-cloud-kubernetes的服务发现和轮询实战(含熔断)

由上图可见,应用Account-Service将自己注册到Eureka,这样Web-Service用"account-service"就能在Eureka找到Account-Service服务的地址,然后顺利发送RestFul请求到Account-Service,用上其提供的服务。

分析kubernetes上如何实现服务注册发现

如果将上面的Web-Service和Account-Service两个应用迁移到kubernetes上之后,注册发现机制变成了啥样呢?

第一种:沿用上图的方式,将Eureka也部署在kubernetes上,这样的架构和不用kubernetes时没有啥区别;

第二种,就是今天要实战的内容,使用spring-cloud-kubernetes框架,该框架可以调用kubernetes的原生能力来为现有SpringCloud应用提供服务,架构如下图所示:

spring-cloud-kubernetes的服务发现和轮询实战(含熔断)

上图表明,Web-Service应用在调用Account-Service应用的服务时,会用okhttp向API Server请求服务列表,API Server收到请求后会去etcd取数据返回给Web-Service应用,这样Web-Service就有了Account-Service的信息,可以向Account-Service的多个Pod轮询发起请求;

上图有个细节请注意:WebService应用并不是直接将请求发送给Account-Service在kubernetes创建的service,而是直接发送到具体的Pod上了,之所以具有这个能力,是因为spring-cloud-kubernetes框架通过service拿到了Account-Service对应的所有Pod信息(endpoint),此逻辑可以参考源码KubernetesServerList.java,如下所示:

public List<Server> getUpdatedListOfServers() {
        //用namespace和serviceId做条件,得到该服务对应的所有节点(endpoints)信息
        Endpoints endpoints = this.namespace != null
                ? this.client.endpoints().inNamespace(this.namespace)
                        .withName(this.serviceId).get()
                : this.client.endpoints().withName(this.serviceId).get();

        List<Server> result = new ArrayList<Server>();
        if (endpoints != null) {

            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                LOG.debug("Found [" + endpoints.getSubsets().size()
                        + "] endpoints in namespace [" + this.namespace + "] for name ["
                        + this.serviceId + "] and portName [" + this.portName + "]");
            }
            //遍历所有的endpoint,取出IP地址和端口,构建成Server实例,放入result集合中
            for (EndpointSubset subset : endpoints.getSubsets()) {

                if (subset.getPorts().size() == 1) {
                    EndpointPort port = subset.getPorts().get(FIRST);
                    for (EndpointAddress address : subset.getAddresses()) {
                        result.add(new Server(address.getIp(), port.getPort()));
                    }
                }
                else {
                    for (EndpointPort port : subset.getPorts()) {
                        if (Utils.isNullOrEmpty(this.portName)
                                || this.portName.endsWith(port.getName())) {
                            for (EndpointAddress address : subset.getAddresses()) {
                                result.add(new Server(address.getIp(), port.getPort()));
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            LOG.warn("Did not find any endpoints in ribbon in namespace ["
                    + this.namespace + "] for name [" + this.serviceId
                    + "] and portName [" + this.portName + "]");
        }
        return result;
    }

理论分析已经完成,接下来就开始实战吧

源码下载

如果您不打算写代码,也可以从GitHub上下载本次实战的源码,地址和链接信息如下表所示:

名称 链接 备注
项目主页 https://github.com/zq2599/blo... 该项目在GitHub上的主页
git仓库地址(https) https://github.com/zq2599/blo... 该项目源码的仓库地址,https协议
git仓库地址(ssh) git@github.com:zq2599/blog_demos.git 该项目源码的仓库地址,ssh协议

这个git项目中有多个文件夹,本章的Account-Service源码在spring-cloud-k8s-account-service文件夹下,Web-Service源码在spring-cloud-k8s-web-service文件夹下,如下图红框所示:

spring-cloud-kubernetes的服务发现和轮询实战(含熔断)

下面是详细的编码过程;

开发和部署Account-Service服务

Account-Service服务是个很普通的springboot应用,和spring-cloud-kubernetes没有任何关系:

  1. 通过maven创建一个springboot应用,artifactId是<font color="blue">account-service</font>,pom.xml内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
    <artifactId>account-service</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>account-service</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Cloud service provider run in kubernetes</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-boot.version>2.1.1.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
        <maven-checkstyle-plugin.failsOnError>false</maven-checkstyle-plugin.failsOnError>
        <maven-checkstyle-plugin.failsOnViolation>false</maven-checkstyle-plugin.failsOnViolation>
        <maven-checkstyle-plugin.includeTestSourceDirectory>false</maven-checkstyle-plugin.includeTestSourceDirectory>
        <maven-compiler-plugin.version>3.5</maven-compiler-plugin.version>
        <maven-deploy-plugin.version>2.8.2</maven-deploy-plugin.version>
        <maven-failsafe-plugin.version>2.18.1</maven-failsafe-plugin.version>
        <maven-surefire-plugin.version>2.21.0</maven-surefire-plugin.version>
        <fabric8.maven.plugin.version>3.5.37</fabric8.maven.plugin.version>
        <springcloud.version>2.1.1.RELEASE</springcloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>${springcloud.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <version>${springcloud.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>repackage</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <!--skip deploy -->
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${maven-deploy-plugin.version}</version>
                <configuration>
                    <skip>true</skip>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${maven-surefire-plugin.version}</version>
                <configuration>
                    <skipTests>true</skipTests>
                    <!-- Workaround for https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SUREFIRE-1588 -->
                    <useSystemClassLoader>false</useSystemClassLoader>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>io.fabric8</groupId>
                <artifactId>fabric8-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${fabric8.maven.plugin.version}</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>fmp</id>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>resource</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>kubernetes</id>
            <build>
                <plugins>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>io.fabric8</groupId>
                        <artifactId>fabric8-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>${fabric8.maven.plugin.version}</version>
                        <executions>
                            <execution>
                                <id>fmp</id>
                                <goals>
                                    <goal>resource</goal>
                                    <goal>build</goal>
                                </goals>
                            </execution>
                        </executions>
                        <configuration>
                            <enricher>
                                <config>
                                    <fmp-service>
                                        <type>NodePort</type>
                                    </fmp-service>
                                </config>
                            </enricher>
                        </configuration>
                    </plugin>
                </plugins>
            </build>
        </profile>
    </profiles>
</project>

由上面的pom.xml内容可见,account-service应用是个简单的web应用,和SpringCloud、spring-cloud-kubernetes都没有任何关系,和其他springboot唯一的不同就是用到了fabric8-maven-plugin插件,可以方便的将应用部署到kubernetes环境;

  1. application.yml内容如下,依旧很简单:
spring:
  application:
    name: account-service

server:
  port: 8080
  1. 对外提供服务的是AccountController ,方法getName返回了当前容器的hostname,方法health用于响应kubernetes的两个探针,方法ribbonPing用于响应使用了ribbon服务的调用方,它们会调用这个接口来确定当前服务是否正常:
@RestController
public class AccountController {

    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AccountController.class);

    private final String hostName = System.getenv("HOSTNAME");

    /**
     * 探针检查响应类
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/health")
    public String health() {
        return "OK";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/")
    public String ribbonPing(){
        LOG.info("ribbonPing of {}", hostName);
        return hostName;
    }

    /**
     * 返回hostname
     * @return 当前应用所在容器的hostname.
     */
    @RequestMapping("/name")
    public String getName() {
        return this.hostName
                + ", "
                + new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date());
    }
}
  1. 将上述工程的源码放在minikube机器上,确保maven设置正常,然后在pom.xml文件所在目录执行以下命令,即可编译构建工程并部署到kubernetes上:
mvn clean install fabric8:deploy -Dfabric8.generator.from=fabric8/java-jboss-openjdk8-jdk -Pkubernetes

执行成功后控制台输出如下:

...
[INFO] Installing /usr/local/work/k8s/ribbon/spring-cloud-k8s-account-service/target/classes/META-INF/fabric8/kubernetes.json to /root/.m2/repository/com/bolingcavalry/account-service/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/account-service-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT-kubernetes.json
[INFO] 
[INFO] <<< fabric8-maven-plugin:3.5.37:deploy (default-cli) < install @ account-service <<<
[INFO] 
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- fabric8-maven-plugin:3.5.37:deploy (default-cli) @ account-service ---
[INFO] F8: Using Kubernetes at https://192.168.121.133:8443/ in namespace default with manifest /usr/local/work/k8s/ribbon/spring-cloud-k8s-account-service/target/classes/META-INF/fabric8/kubernetes.yml 
[INFO] Using namespace: default
[INFO] Updating a Service from kubernetes.yml
[INFO] Updated Service: target/fabric8/applyJson/default/service-account-service.json
[INFO] Using namespace: default
[INFO] Updating Deployment from kubernetes.yml
[INFO] Updated Deployment: target/fabric8/applyJson/default/deployment-account-service.json
[INFO] F8: HINT: Use the command `kubectl get pods -w` to watch your pods start up
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  11.941 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-06-16T19:00:51+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1. 检查kubernetes上的部署和服务是否正常:
[root@minikube spring-cloud-k8s-account-service]# kubectl get deployments
NAME              READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
account-service   1/1     1            1           69m
[root@minikube spring-cloud-k8s-account-service]# kubectl get services
NAME              TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
account-service   NodePort    10.105.157.201   <none>        8080:32596/TCP   69m
kubernetes        ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP          8d
  1. minikube的service命令可以得到指定服务的访问地址:
[root@minikube spring-cloud-k8s-account-service]# minikube service account-service --url
http://192.168.121.133:32596

可见account-service的服务可以通过这个url访问: http://192.168.121.133 :32596

  1. 用浏览器访问地址: http://192.168.121.133 :32596/name ,如下图所示,可以正常访问account-service提供的服务:

spring-cloud-kubernetes的服务发现和轮询实战(含熔断)

现在account-service服务已经就绪,接下来是开发和部署web-service应用。

开发和部署Web-Service服务

Web-Service服务是个springboot应用,用到了spring-cloud-kubernetes提供的注册发现能力,以轮询的方式访问指定服务的全部pod:

  1. 通过maven创建一个springboot应用,artifactId是<font color="blue">web-service</font>,pom.xml内容如下,要重点关注的是<font color="blue">spring-cloud-starter-kubernetes-ribbon</font>的依赖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
    <artifactId>web-service</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>web-service</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Cloud service consumer run in kubernetes</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-boot.version>2.1.1.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
        <maven-checkstyle-plugin.failsOnError>false</maven-checkstyle-plugin.failsOnError>
        <maven-checkstyle-plugin.failsOnViolation>false</maven-checkstyle-plugin.failsOnViolation>
        <maven-checkstyle-plugin.includeTestSourceDirectory>false</maven-checkstyle-plugin.includeTestSourceDirectory>
        <maven-compiler-plugin.version>3.5</maven-compiler-plugin.version>
        <maven-deploy-plugin.version>2.8.2</maven-deploy-plugin.version>
        <maven-failsafe-plugin.version>2.18.1</maven-failsafe-plugin.version>
        <maven-surefire-plugin.version>2.21.0</maven-surefire-plugin.version>
        <fabric8.maven.plugin.version>3.5.37</fabric8.maven.plugin.version>
        <springcloud.kubernetes.version>1.0.1.RELEASE</springcloud.kubernetes.version>
        <springcloud.version>2.1.1.RELEASE</springcloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-kubernetes-core</artifactId>
            <version>${springcloud.kubernetes.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-kubernetes-discovery</artifactId>
            <version>${springcloud.kubernetes.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-kubernetes-ribbon</artifactId>
            <version>${springcloud.kubernetes.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${springcloud.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>${springcloud.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <version>${springcloud.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
            <version>${springcloud.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
            <version>${springcloud.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>repackage</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <!--skip deploy -->
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${maven-deploy-plugin.version}</version>
                <configuration>
                    <skip>true</skip>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${maven-surefire-plugin.version}</version>
                <configuration>
                    <skipTests>true</skipTests>
                    <!-- Workaround for https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SUREFIRE-1588 -->
                    <useSystemClassLoader>false</useSystemClassLoader>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>io.fabric8</groupId>
                <artifactId>fabric8-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${fabric8.maven.plugin.version}</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>fmp</id>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>resource</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>kubernetes</id>
            <build>
                <plugins>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>io.fabric8</groupId>
                        <artifactId>fabric8-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>${fabric8.maven.plugin.version}</version>
                        <executions>
                            <execution>
                                <id>fmp</id>
                                <goals>
                                    <goal>resource</goal>
                                    <goal>build</goal>
                                </goals>
                            </execution>
                        </executions>
                        <configuration>
                            <enricher>
                                <config>
                                    <fmp-service>
                                        <type>NodePort</type>
                                    </fmp-service>
                                </config>
                            </enricher>
                        </configuration>
                    </plugin>
                </plugins>
            </build>
        </profile>
    </profiles>
</project>
  1. application.yml的内容如下,增加了熔断的配置:
spring:
  application:
    name: web-service

server:
  port: 8080

backend:
  ribbon:
    eureka:
      enabled: false
    client:
      enabled: true
    ServerListRefreshInterval: 5000

hystrix.command.BackendCall.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds: 5000
hystrix.threadpool.BackendCallThread.coreSize: 5
  1. 创建一个ribbon的配置类RibbonConfiguration:
package com.bolingcavalry.webservice;

import com.netflix.client.config.IClientConfig;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.AvailabilityFilteringRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IPing;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.PingUrl;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

/**
 * @Description: ribbon配置类
 * @author: willzhao E-mail: zq2599@gmail.com
 * @date: 2019/6/16 11:52
 */
public class RibbonConfiguration {

    @Autowired
    IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig;

    /**
     * 检查服务是否可用的实例,
     * 此地址返回的响应的返回码如果是200表示服务可用
     * @param config
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public IPing ribbonPing(IClientConfig config){
        return new PingUrl();
    }

    /**
     * 轮询规则
     * @param config
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public IRule ribbonRule(IClientConfig config){
        return new AvailabilityFilteringRule();
    }
}
  1. 应用启动类如下,注意增加了服务发现、熔断、ribbon的配置,还定义了restTemplte实例,注意@LoadBalanced注解:
package com.bolingcavalry.webservice;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableCircuitBreaker
@RibbonClient(name="account-service", configuration = RibbonConfiguration.class)
public class WebServiceApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(WebServiceApplication.class, args);
    }

    @LoadBalanced
    @Bean
    RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}
  1. 远程调用account-service的http接口的逻辑被放进服务类AccountService中,注意URL中用的是服务名<font color="blue">account-service</font>:
package com.bolingcavalry.webservice;

import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * @Description: 这里面封装了远程调用account-service提供服务的逻辑
 * @author: willzhao E-mail: zq2599@gmail.com
 * @date: 2019/6/16 12:21
 */
@Service
public class AccountService {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "getFallbackName" ,commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "1000") })
    public String getDataFromSpringCloudK8SProvider(){
        return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://account-service/name", String.class);
    }

    /**
     * 熔断时调用的方法
     * @return
     */
    private String getFallbackName() {
        return "Fallback"
                + ", "
                + new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date());
    }
}
  1. 最后是响应web请求的WebServiceController类,这里面调用了AccountService的服务,这样我们从web发起请求后,web-service就会远程调用account-service的服务:
package com.bolingcavalry.webservice;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @Description: 测试用的controller,会远程调用account-service的服务
 * @author: willzhao E-mail: zq2599@gmail.com
 * @date: 2019/6/16 11:46
 */
@RestController
public class WebServiceController {

    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;

    /**
     * 探针检查响应类
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/health")
    public String health() {
        return "OK";
    }

    /**
     * 远程调用account-service提供的服务
     * @return 多次远程调返回的所有结果.
     */
    @RequestMapping("/account")
    public String account() {

        StringBuilder sbud = new StringBuilder();

        for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
            sbud.append(accountService.getDataFromSpringCloudK8SProvider())
                .append("<br>");
        }

        return sbud.toString();
    }
}
  1. 将上述工程的源码放在minikube机器上,确保maven设置正常,然后在pom.xml文件所在目录执行以下命令,即可编译构建工程并部署到kubernetes上:
mvn clean install fabric8:deploy -Dfabric8.generator.from=fabric8/java-jboss-openjdk8-jdk -Pkubernetes

执行成功后控制台输出如下:

...
[INFO] Installing /usr/local/work/k8s/ribbon/spring-cloud-k8s-web-service/target/classes/META-INF/fabric8/kubernetes.json to /root/.m2/repository/com/bolingcavalry/web-service/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/web-service-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT-kubernetes.json
[INFO] 
[INFO] <<< fabric8-maven-plugin:3.5.37:deploy (default-cli) < install @ web-service <<<
[INFO] 
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- fabric8-maven-plugin:3.5.37:deploy (default-cli) @ web-service ---
[INFO] F8: Using Kubernetes at https://192.168.121.133:8443/ in namespace default with manifest /usr/local/work/k8s/ribbon/spring-cloud-k8s-web-service/target/classes/META-INF/fabric8/kubernetes.yml 
[INFO] Using namespace: default
[INFO] Creating a Service from kubernetes.yml namespace default name web-service
[INFO] Created Service: target/fabric8/applyJson/default/service-web-service.json
[INFO] Using namespace: default
[INFO] Creating a Deployment from kubernetes.yml namespace default name web-service
[INFO] Created Deployment: target/fabric8/applyJson/default/deployment-web-service.json
[INFO] F8: HINT: Use the command `kubectl get pods -w` to watch your pods start up
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  12.792 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-06-16T19:24:21+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1. 检查kubernetes上的部署和服务是否正常:
[root@minikube spring-cloud-k8s-web-service]# kubectl get deployments
NAME              READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
account-service   1/1     1            1           109m
web-service       1/1     1            1           18m
[root@minikube spring-cloud-k8s-web-service]# kubectl get svc
NAME              TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
account-service   NodePort    10.105.157.201   <none>        8080:32596/TCP   109m
kubernetes        ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP          8d
web-service       NodePort    10.99.211.179    <none>        8080:30519/TCP   18m
  1. minikube的service命令可以得到指定服务的访问地址:
[root@minikube spring-cloud-k8s-web-service]# minikube service web-service --url
http://192.168.121.133:30519

可见web-service的服务可以通过这个url访问: http://192.168.121.133 :30519

  1. 用浏览器访问地址: http://192.168.121.133 :30519/account ,如下图所示,页面上展示的内容都是web-service调用了account-service的接口返回的,证明kubernetes上的注册发现能力正常:

spring-cloud-kubernetes的服务发现和轮询实战(含熔断)

扩容验证ribbon轮询能力

虽然web-service可以正常调用account-service的服务,但始终访问的是一个pod,接下来我们就对account-service的pod进行扩容,将数量调整为2个,看看web-service是否可以轮询调用每个account-service的pod:

  1. 执行以下命令即可将pod数量调整为2个:
kubectl scale --replicas=2 deployment account-service
  1. 检查account-service的pod,发现已经有两个了(account-service-5554576647-m29xr和account-service-5554576647-zwwml):
[root@minikube spring-cloud-k8s-web-service]# kubectl get pods
NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
account-service-5554576647-m29xr   1/1     Running   0          53m
account-service-5554576647-zwwml   1/1     Running   0          20s
web-service-6d775855c7-7lkvr       1/1     Running   0          29m
  1. 用浏览器访问地址: http://192.168.121.133 :30519/account ,如下图所示,account-sercice返回的hostname已经变成了两种,和前面查到的pod的name一致,可见web-service的确是通过ribbon轮询访问了多个account-service的pod:

spring-cloud-kubernetes的服务发现和轮询实战(含熔断)

验证熔断能力

接下来验证web-service配置的熔断服务是否可以生效:

  1. 执行以下命令将account-service的deployment删除:
kubectl delete deployment account-service
  1. 再浏览器访问地址: http://192.168.121.133 :30519/account ,如下图所示,页面上的"Fallback"是配置的熔断方法返回的内容,可见熔断配置已经生效:

spring-cloud-kubernetes的服务发现和轮询实战(含熔断)

  1. 再回到web-service的pom.xml所在位置执行以下命令,这样会重新构建部署一次web-service服务:
mvn clean install fabric8:deploy -Dfabric8.generator.from=fabric8/java-jboss-openjdk8-jdk -Pkubernetes
  1. 再浏览器访问地址: http://192.168.121.133 :30519/account ,如下图所示,服务成功恢复:

spring-cloud-kubernetes的服务发现和轮询实战(含熔断)

至此,spring-cloud-kubernetes的服务发现和轮询实战(含熔断)就全部完成了,利用API Server提供的信息,spring-cloud-kubernetes将原生的kubernetes服务带给了SpringCloud应用,帮助传统微服务更好的融合在kubernetes环境中,如果您也在考虑将应用迁移到kubernetes上,希望本文能给您一些参考。

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spring-cloud-kubernetes的服务发现和轮询实战(含熔断)

原文  https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000020280406
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