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springboot数据库主从方案

本篇分享数据库主从方案,案例采用springboot+mysql+mybatis演示;要想在代码中做主从选择,通常需要明白什么时候切换数据源,怎么切换数据源,下面以代码示例来做阐述;

  • 搭建测试环境(1个master库2个slave库)
  • DataSource多数据源配置
  • 设置mybatis数据源
  • 拦截器+注解设置master和slave库选择
  • 选出当前请求要使用的slave从库
  • 测试用例

搭建测试环境(1个master库2个slave库)

由于测试资源优先在本地模拟创建3个数据库,分别是1个master库2个slave库,里面分别都有一个tblArticle表,内容也大致相同(为了演示主从效果,我把从库中表的title列值增加了slave字样):

springboot数据库主从方案

再来创建一个db.properties,分别配置3个数据源,格式如下:

 1 spring.datasource0.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db0?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
 2 spring.datasource0.username=root
 3 spring.datasource0.password=123456
 4 spring.datasource0.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
 5 
 6 spring.datasource1.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
 7 spring.datasource1.username=root
 8 spring.datasource1.password=123456
 9 spring.datasource1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
10 
11 spring.datasource2.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
12 spring.datasource2.username=root
13 spring.datasource2.password=123456
14 spring.datasource2.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

同时我们创建具有对应关系的DbType枚举,帮助我们使代码更已读:

 1 public class DbEmHelper {
 2     public enum DbTypeEm {
 3         db0(0, "db0(默认master)", -1),
 4         db1(1, "db1", 0),
 5         db2(2, "db2", 1);
 6 
 7         /**
 8          * 用于筛选从库
 9          *
10          * @param slaveNum 从库顺序编号 0开始
11          * @return
12          */
13         public static Optional<DbTypeEm> getDbTypeBySlaveNum(int slaveNum) {
14             return Arrays.stream(DbTypeEm.values()).filter(b -> b.getSlaveNum() == slaveNum).findFirst();
15         }
16 
17         DbTypeEm(int code, String des, int slaveNum) {
18             this.code = code;
19             this.des = des;
20             this.slaveNum = slaveNum;
21         }
22 
23         private int code;
24         private String des;
25         private int slaveNum;
26 
27         //get,set省略
28     }
29 }

DataSource多数据源配置

使用上面3个库连接串信息,配置3个不同的DataSource实例,达到多个DataSource目的;由于在代码中库的实例需要动态选择,因此我们利用AbstractRoutingDataSource来聚合多个数据源;下面是生成多个DataSource代码:

 1 @Configuration
 2 public class DbConfig {
 3 
 4     @Bean(name = "dbRouting")
 5     public DataSource dbRouting() throws IOException {
 6         //加载db配置文件
 7         InputStream in = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("db.properties");
 8         Properties pp = new Properties();
 9         pp.load(in);
10 
11         //创建每个库的datasource
12         Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources = new HashMap<>(DbEmHelper.DbTypeEm.values().length);
13         Arrays.stream(DbEmHelper.DbTypeEm.values()).forEach(dbTypeEm -> {
14             targetDataSources.put(dbTypeEm, getDataSource(pp, dbTypeEm));
15         });
16 
17         //设置多数据源
18         DbRouting dbRouting = new DbRouting();
19         dbRouting.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources);
20         return dbRouting;
21     }
22 
23     /**
24      * 创建库的datasource
25      *
26      * @param pp
27      * @param dbTypeEm
28      * @return
29      */
30     private DataSource getDataSource(Properties pp, DbEmHelper.DbTypeEm dbTypeEm) {
31         DataSourceBuilder<?> builder = DataSourceBuilder.create();
32 
33         builder.driverClassName(pp.getProperty(JsonUtil.formatMsg("spring.datasource{}.driver-class-name", dbTypeEm.getCode())));
34         builder.url(pp.getProperty(JsonUtil.formatMsg("spring.datasource{}.jdbc-url", dbTypeEm.getCode())));
35         builder.username(pp.getProperty(JsonUtil.formatMsg("spring.datasource{}.username", dbTypeEm.getCode())));
36         builder.password(pp.getProperty(JsonUtil.formatMsg("spring.datasource{}.password", dbTypeEm.getCode())));
37 
38         return builder.build();
39     }
40 }

能够看到一个DbRouting实例,其是继承了AbstractRoutingDataSource,她里面有个Map变量来存储多个数据源信息:

1 public class DbRouting extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {
2 
3     @Override
4     protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
5         return DbContextHolder.getDb().orElse(DbEmHelper.DbTypeEm.db0);
6     }
7 }

DbRouting里面主要重写了determineCurrentLookupKey(),通过设置和存储DataSource集合的Map相同的key,以此达到选择不同DataSource的目的,这里使用ThreadLocal获取同一线程存储的key;主要看AbstractRoutingDataSource类中下面代码:

 1     protected DataSource determineTargetDataSource() {
 2         Assert.notNull(this.resolvedDataSources, "DataSource router not initialized");
 3         Object lookupKey = this.determineCurrentLookupKey();
 4         DataSource dataSource = (DataSource)this.resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey);
 5         if(dataSource == null && (this.lenientFallback || lookupKey == null)) {
 6             dataSource = this.resolvedDefaultDataSource;
 7         }
 8         if(dataSource == null) {
 9             throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot determine target DataSource for lookup key [" + lookupKey + "]");
10         } else {
11             return dataSource;
12         }
13     }

设置mybatis数据源

本次演示为了便利,这里使用mybatis的注解方式来查询数据库,我们需要给mybatis设置数据源,我们可以从上面的声明DataSource的bean方法获取:

 1 @EnableTransactionManagement
 2 @Configuration
 3 public class MybaitisConfig {
 4     @Resource(name = "dbRouting")
 5     DataSource dataSource;
 6 
 7     @Bean
 8     public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory() throws Exception {
 9         SqlSessionFactoryBean factoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
10         factoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);
11        // factoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath:*"));
12         return factoryBean.getObject();
13     }
14 }

我们使用的mybatis注解方式来查询数据库,所以不需要加载mapper的xml文件,下面注解方式查询sql:

1 @Mapper
2 public interface ArticleMapper {
3     @Select("select * from tblArticle where id = #{id}")
4     Article selectById(int id);
5 }

拦截器+注解来选择master和slave库

通常操作数据的业务逻辑都放在service层,我们希望service中不同方法使用不同的库;比如:添加、修改、删除、部分查询方法等,使用master主库来操作,而大部分查询操作可以使用slave库来查询;这里通过拦截器+灵活的自定义注解来实现我们的需求:

1 @Documented
2 @Target({ElementType.METHOD})
3 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
4 public @interface DbType {
5     boolean isMaster() default true;
6 }

注解参数默认选择master库来操作业务(看具体需求吧)

 1 @Aspect
 2 @Component
 3 public class DbInterceptor {
 4 
 5     //全部service层请求都走这里,ThreadLocal才能有DbType值
 6     private final String pointcut = "execution(* com.sm.service..*.*(..))";
 7 
 8     @Pointcut(value = pointcut)
 9     public void dbType() {
10     }
11 
12     @Before("dbType()")
13     void before(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
14         System.out.println("before...");
15 
16         MethodSignature methodSignature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();
17         Method method = methodSignature.getMethod();
18         DbType dbType = method.getAnnotation(DbType.class);
19         //设置Db
20         DbContextHolder.setDb(dbType == null ? false : dbType.isMaster());
21     }
22 
23     @After("dbType()")
24     void after() {
25         System.out.println("after...");
26 
27         DbContextHolder.remove();
28     }
29 }

拦截器拦截service层的所有方法,然后获取带有自定义注解DbType的方法的isMaster值,DbContextHolder.setDb()方法判断走master还是slave库,并赋值给ThreadLocal:

 1 public class DbContextHolder {
 2     private static final ThreadLocal<Optional<DbEmHelper.DbTypeEm>> dbTypeEmThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>();
 3     private static final AtomicInteger atoCounter = new AtomicInteger(0);
 4 
 5     public static void setDb(DbEmHelper.DbTypeEm dbTypeEm) {
 6         dbTypeEmThreadLocal.set(Optional.ofNullable(dbTypeEm));
 7     }
 8 
 9     public static Optional<DbEmHelper.DbTypeEm> getDb() {
10         return dbTypeEmThreadLocal.get();
11     }
12 
13     public static void remove() {
14         dbTypeEmThreadLocal.remove();
15     }
16 
17     /**
18      * 设置主从库
19      *
20      * @param isMaster
21      */
22     public static void setDb(boolean isMaster) {
23         if (isMaster) {
24             //主库
25             setDb(DbEmHelper.DbTypeEm.db0);
26         } else {
27             //从库
28             setSlave();
29         }
30     }
31 
32     private static void setSlave() {
33         //累加值达到最大时,重置
34         if (atoCounter.get() >= 100000) {
35             atoCounter.set(0);
36         }
37 
38         //排除master,选出当前线程请求要使用的db从库 - 从库算法
39         int slaveNum = atoCounter.getAndIncrement() % (DbEmHelper.DbTypeEm.values().length - 1);
40         Optional<DbEmHelper.DbTypeEm> dbTypeEm = DbEmHelper.DbTypeEm.getDbTypeBySlaveNum(slaveNum);
41         if (dbTypeEm.isPresent()) {
42             setDb(dbTypeEm.get());
43         } else {
44             throw new IllegalArgumentException("从库未匹配");
45         }
46     }
47 }

这一步骤很重要,通过拦截器来到达选择master和slave目的,当然也有其他方式的;

选出当前请求要使用的slave从库

上面能选择出master和slave走向了,但是往往slave至少有两个库存在;我们需要知道怎么来选择多个slave库,目前最常用的方式通过计数器取余的方式来选择:

 1     private static void setSlave() {
 2         //累加值达到最大时,重置
 3         if (atoCounter.get() >= 100000) {
 4             atoCounter.set(0);
 5         }
 6 
 7         //排除master,选出当前线程请求要使用的db从库 - 从库算法
 8         int slaveNum = atoCounter.getAndIncrement() % (DbEmHelper.DbTypeEm.values().length - 1);
 9         Optional<DbEmHelper.DbTypeEm> dbTypeEm = DbEmHelper.DbTypeEm.getDbTypeBySlaveNum(slaveNum);
10         if (dbTypeEm.isPresent()) {
11             setDb(dbTypeEm.get());
12         } else {
13             throw new IllegalArgumentException("从库未匹配");
14         }
15     }

这里根据余数来匹配对应DbType枚举,选出DataSource的Map需要的key,并且赋值到当前线程ThreadLocal中;

1         /**
2          * 用于筛选从库4          * @param slaveNum 从库顺序编号 0开始
5          * @return
6          */
7         public static Optional<DbTypeEm> getDbTypeBySlaveNum(int slaveNum) {
8             return Arrays.stream(DbTypeEm.values()).filter(b -> b.getSlaveNum() == slaveNum).findFirst();
9         }

测试用例

完成上面操作后,我们搭建个测试例子,ArticleService中分别如下3个方法,不同点在于@DbType注解的标记:

 1 @Service
 2 public class ArticleService {
 3 
 4     @Autowired
 5     ArticleMapper articleMapper;
 6 
 7     @DbType
 8     public Article selectById01(int id) {
 9         Article article = articleMapper.selectById(id);
10         System.out.println(JsonUtil.formatMsg("selectById01:{} --- title:{}", DbContextHolder.getDb().get(), article.getTitle()));
11         return article;
12     }
13 
14     @DbType(isMaster = false)
15     public Article selectById02(int id) {
16         Article article = articleMapper.selectById(id);
17         System.out.println(JsonUtil.formatMsg("selectById02:{} --- title:{}", DbContextHolder.getDb().get(), article.getTitle()));
18         return article;
19     }
20 
21     public Article selectById(int id) {
22         Article article = articleMapper.selectById(id);
23         System.out.println(JsonUtil.formatMsg("selectById:{} --- title:{}", DbContextHolder.getDb().get(), article.getTitle()));
24         return article;
25     }
26 }

在同一个Controller层接口方法中去调用这3个service层方法,按照正常逻辑来讲,不出意外得到的结果是这样:

springboot数据库主从方案

请求了两次接口,得到结果是:

selectById01方法:标记了@DbType,但默认走isMaster=true,实际走了db0(master)库

selectById02方法:标记了@DbType(isMaster = false),实际走了db1(slave1)库

selectById方法:没有标记了@DbType,实际走了db2(slave2)库,因为拦截器中没有找到DbType注解,让其走了slave方法;因为selectById02执行过一次slave方法,计数器+1了,因此余数也变了所以定位到了slave2库(如果是基数调用,selectById02和selectById方法来回切换走不同slave库);

原文  http://www.cnblogs.com/wangrudong003/p/11535540.html
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