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Java日志:日志级别动态调整

作为开发人员,定位问题是我们的日常工作,而日志是我们定位问题非常重要的依据。传统方式定位问题时,往往是如下步骤:

  1. 将日志级别设低,例如 DEBUG ;
  2. 重启应用;
  3. 复现问题,观察日志;

实际上是可以动态修改日志级别,无需重启应用,立即生效。本文收集了3种动态修改日志级别的文章,分别是

  1. Spring Boot 2动态修改日志级别
  2. 阿里在线诊断工具Arthas调整日志等级记录
  3. 美团日志级别动态调整——小工具解决大问题

Spirng Boot动态修改日志级别

从 Spring Boot 1.5 开始,Spring Boot Actuator 组件就已提供动态修改日志级别的能力。

示例

1.引入 spring-boot-starter-actuator 依赖,内容如下:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
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2.编写测试代码,如下:

@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
    }
}

@RestController
public class DemoController {

    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DemoController.class);

    @GetMapping("/helloworld")
    public String helloworld(){
        logger.debug("welcome to learn spring boot");
        return "welcome to learn spring boot";
    }

}
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3.配置文件

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: 'loggers'
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Spring Boot 2.x默认只暴露 /health 以及 /info 端点,而日志控制需要用到 /loggers 端点,故而需要设置将其暴露。

测试

/loggers 端点提供了查看以及修改日志级别的能力。

  1. 查看当前应用各包/类的日志级别 访问 http://localhost:8080/actuator/loggers ,可看到类似如下的结果:

    Java日志:日志级别动态调整
  2. 查看指定包/类日志详情 访问 http://localhost:8080/actuator/loggers/com.blockmao.springboot.demo.DemoController ,可看到类似如下的结果:

    Java日志:日志级别动态调整
  3. 修改日志级别 默认的日志级别是INFO,所以 DemoController 的debug日志不会打印。下面来尝试将该类的日志级别设为 DEBUG ,如下

    Java日志:日志级别动态调整

    此时,访问 http://localhost:8080/helloworld 会看到类似如下的日志:

    Java日志:日志级别动态调整

    并且,此时再访问 http://localhost:8080/actuator/loggers/com.itmuch.logging.TestController ,可看到类似如下的结果:

    Java日志:日志级别动态调整

原理

Actuator有约定, /actuator/xxx 端点的定义代码在 xxxEndpoint 中。找到类 org.springframework.boot.actuate.logging.LoggersEndpoint ,代码如下:

@Endpoint(id = "loggers")
public class LoggersEndpoint {
	private final LoggingSystem loggingSystem;

	@WriteOperation
	public void configureLogLevel(@Selector String name,
			@Nullable LogLevel configuredLevel) {
		Assert.notNull(name, "Name must not be empty");
		this.loggingSystem.setLogLevel(name, configuredLevel);
	}
	// ...其他省略
}
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其中, EndpointWriteOperation@Selector 都是Spring Boot 2.0开始提供的新注解。

@Endpoint(id = "loggers") 用来描述Spring Boot Actuator 的端点,这样就会产生一个 /actuator/loggers 的路径,它类似于Spring MVC的 @RequestMapping("loggers")

@WriteOperation 表示这是一个写操作,它类似于Spring MVC的 @PostMapping 。Spring Boot Actuator还提供了其他操作,如下表:

Operation HTTP method
@ReadOperation GET
@WriteOperation POST
@DeleteOperation DELETE

@Selector用于筛选@Endpoint注解返回值的子集,它类似于Spring MVC的@PathVariable 。

这样,上面的代码就很好理解了— configureLogLevel 方法:送POST请求后,name就是我们传的包名或者类名,configuredLevel就是我们传的消息体。

org.springframework.boot.logging.LoggingSystem#setLogLevel 是抽象方法,具体实现由子类完成。 LoggingSystem 类结构如下图所示:

Java日志:日志级别动态调整

LoggingSystem有这么多实现类,Spring Boot怎么知道什么情况下用什么LoggingSystem呢?可在 org.springframework.boot.logging.LoggingSystem 找到类似如下代码:

public abstract class LoggingSystem {
	private static final Map<String, String> SYSTEMS;

	static {
		Map<String, String> systems = new LinkedHashMap<>();
		systems.put("ch.qos.logback.core.Appender",
				"org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.LogbackLoggingSystem");
		systems.put("org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.Log4jContextFactory",
				"org.springframework.boot.logging.log4j2.Log4J2LoggingSystem");
		systems.put("java.util.logging.LogManager",
				"org.springframework.boot.logging.java.JavaLoggingSystem");
		SYSTEMS = Collections.unmodifiableMap(systems);
	}

	/**
	 * Detect and return the logging system in use. Supports Logback and Java Logging.
	 * @param classLoader the classloader
	 * @return the logging system
	 */
	public static LoggingSystem get(ClassLoader classLoader) {
		String loggingSystem = System.getProperty(SYSTEM_PROPERTY);
		if (StringUtils.hasLength(loggingSystem)) {
			if (NONE.equals(loggingSystem)) {
				return new NoOpLoggingSystem();
			}
			return get(classLoader, loggingSystem);
		}
		return SYSTEMS.entrySet().stream()
				.filter((entry) -> ClassUtils.isPresent(entry.getKey(), classLoader))
				.map((entry) -> get(classLoader, entry.getValue())).findFirst()
				.orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalStateException(
						"No suitable logging system located"));
	}
  // 省略不相关内容...
}
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由代码不难发现,其实就是构建了一个名为 SYSTEMS 的map,作为各种日志系统的字典;然后在 get 方法中,看应用是否加载了map中的类;如果加载了,就通过反射,初始化 LoggingSystem 。例如:Spring Boot发现当前应用加载了 ch.qos.logback.core.Appender ,就去实例化 org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.LogbackLoggingSystem

Arthas ognl命令动态修改日志级别

使用 ognl 命令可以动态修改日志级别,步骤如下:

  1. 查找当前类的classLoaderHash

    Java日志:日志级别动态调整
  2. 用OGNL获取logger

    Java日志:日志级别动态调整

    可以发现日志使用的是Logback框架。

  3. 单独设置DemoController的logger level

    Java日志:日志级别动态调整
  4. 全局设置logger level

    Java日志:日志级别动态调整

如果使用的日志框架是 log4j ,则使用上述 ognl 命令则会报错。至于为什么?请阅读Java日志:SLF4J详解

美团日志级别动态调整小工具

  1. 初始化:确定所使用的日志框架,获取配置文件中所有的Logger内存实例,并将它们的引用缓存到Map容器中。

    String type = StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton().getLoggerFactoryClassStr();
    if (LogConstant.LOG4J_LOGGER_FACTORY.equals(type)) {
        logFrameworkType = LogFrameworkType.LOG4J;
        Enumeration enumeration = org.apache.log4j.LogManager.getCurrentLoggers();
        while (enumeration.hasMoreElements()) {
            org.apache.log4j.Logger logger = (org.apache.log4j.Logger) enumeration.nextElement();
            if (logger.getLevel() != null) {
                loggerMap.put(logger.getName(), logger);
            }
        }
        org.apache.log4j.Logger rootLogger = org.apache.log4j.LogManager.getRootLogger();
        loggerMap.put(rootLogger.getName(), rootLogger);
    } else if (LogConstant.LOGBACK_LOGGER_FACTORY.equals(type)) {
        logFrameworkType = LogFrameworkType.LOGBACK;
        ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext loggerContext = (ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext) LoggerFactory.getILoggerFactory();
        for (ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger logger : loggerContext.getLoggerList()) {
            if (logger.getLevel() != null) {
                loggerMap.put(logger.getName(), logger);
            }
        }
        ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger rootLogger = (ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger(Logger.ROOT_LOGGER_NAME);
        loggerMap.put(rootLogger.getName(), rootLogger);
    } else if (LogConstant.LOG4J2_LOGGER_FACTORY.equals(type)) {
        logFrameworkType = LogFrameworkType.LOG4J2;
        org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext loggerContext = (org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext) org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager.getContext(false);
        Map<String, org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggerConfig> map = loggerContext.getConfiguration().getLoggers();
        for (org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggerConfig loggerConfig : map.values()) {
            String key = loggerConfig.getName();
            if (StringUtils.isBlank(key)) {
                key = "root";
            }
            loggerMap.put(key, loggerConfig);
        }
    } else {
        logFrameworkType = LogFrameworkType.UNKNOWN;
        LOG.error("Log框架无法识别: type={}", type);
    }
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  2. 获取Logger列表:从本地Map容器取出。

    private String getLoggerList() {
        JSONObject result = new JSONObject();
        result.put("logFramework", logFrameworkType);
        JSONArray loggerList = new JSONArray();
        for (ConcurrentMap.Entry<String, Object> entry : loggerMap.entrySet()) {
            JSONObject loggerJSON = new JSONObject();
            loggerJSON.put("loggerName", entry.getKey());
            if (logFrameworkType == LogFrameworkType.LOG4J) {
                org.apache.log4j.Logger targetLogger = (org.apache.log4j.Logger) entry.getValue();
                loggerJSON.put("logLevel", targetLogger.getLevel().toString());
            } else if (logFrameworkType == LogFrameworkType.LOGBACK) {
                ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger targetLogger = (ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger) entry.getValue();
                loggerJSON.put("logLevel", targetLogger.getLevel().toString());
            } else if (logFrameworkType == LogFrameworkType.LOG4J2) {
                org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggerConfig targetLogger = (org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggerConfig) entry.getValue();
                loggerJSON.put("logLevel", targetLogger.getLevel().toString());
            } else {
                loggerJSON.put("logLevel", "Logger的类型未知,无法处理!");
            }
            loggerList.add(loggerJSON);
        }
        result.put("loggerList", loggerList);
        LOG.info("getLoggerList: result={}", result.toString());
        return result.toString();
    }
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  3. 修改Logger的级别

    private String setLogLevel(JSONArray data) {
        LOG.info("setLogLevel: data={}", data);
        List<LoggerBean> loggerList = parseJsonData(data);
        if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(loggerList)) {
            return "";
        }
        for (LoggerBean loggerbean : loggerList) {
            Object logger = loggerMap.get(loggerbean.getName());
            if (logger == null) {
                throw new RuntimeException("需要修改日志级别的Logger不存在");
            }
            if (logFrameworkType == LogFrameworkType.LOG4J) {
                org.apache.log4j.Logger targetLogger = (org.apache.log4j.Logger) logger;
                org.apache.log4j.Level targetLevel = org.apache.log4j.Level.toLevel(loggerbean.getLevel());
                targetLogger.setLevel(targetLevel);
            } else if (logFrameworkType == LogFrameworkType.LOGBACK) {
                ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger targetLogger = (ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger) logger;
                ch.qos.logback.classic.Level targetLevel = ch.qos.logback.classic.Level.toLevel(loggerbean.getLevel());
                targetLogger.setLevel(targetLevel);
            } else if (logFrameworkType == LogFrameworkType.LOG4J2) {
                org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggerConfig loggerConfig = (org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggerConfig) logger;
                org.apache.logging.log4j.Level targetLevel = org.apache.logging.log4j.Level.toLevel(loggerbean.getLevel());
                loggerConfig.setLevel(targetLevel);
                org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext ctx = (org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext) org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager.getContext(false);
                ctx.updateLoggers(); // This causes all Loggers to refetch information from their LoggerConfig.
            } else {
                throw new RuntimeException("Logger的类型未知,无法处理!");
            }
        }
        return "success";
    }
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原文  https://juejin.im/post/5d9cb3045188254423573c82
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