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Spring详细教程

Spring学习总结----

一、导入Spring必须的jar包

Spring详细教程

二、简单示例入门注入一个User

1.编写User实体类

package test.Spring.helloworld; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; public class User {  @Override  public String toString() {   return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";  }  public int getId() {   return id;  }  public void setId(int id) {   this.id = id;  }  public String getName() {   return name;  }  public void setName(String name) {   this.name = name;  }  private int id;  private String name; }

2.编写Spring配置文件，类型为xml，文件名可以自定义

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"    >    <bean id="User" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User">   <property name="id" value="1"></property>   <property name="name" value="jayjay"></property>  </bean> </beans>

3.利用Spring容器创建托管对象User

ApplicationContext context =new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");         User u = (User)context.getBean("User");         System.out.println(u);

三、Bean的配置深入

1.bean引用其他bean

实体类示例：

package test.Spring.helloworld; public class HelloWorld {  public User getUser() {   return user;  }  public void setUser(User user) {   this.user = user;  }  @Override  public String toString() {   return "HelloWorld [name=" + name + ", user=" + user + "]";  }  public String getName() {   return name;  }  public void setName(String name) {   this.name = name;  }  private String name;  private User user;  public HelloWorld(){  }  public HelloWorld(String name){   this.name = name;  } }

配置示例：

<!-- reference other bean -->     <bean id="HelloWorld" class="test.Spring.helloworld.HelloWorld">         <!-- <property name="name" value="spring1"></property> -->         <constructor-arg value="spring2" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>         <property name="user">             <ref bean="User"/>         </property>     </bean>

调用方法依然是根据bean中的id

2.集合bean配置

实体类示例：

package test.Spring.helloworld; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; public class User {  public Map<String, Integer> getMap() {   return map;  }  public void setMap(Map<String, Integer> map) {   this.map = map;  }  public List<String> getList() {   return list;  }  public void setList(List<String> list) {   this.list = list;  }  @Override  public String toString() {   return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", list=" + list     + ", map=" + map + "]";  }  public int getId() {   return id;  }  public void setId(int id) {   this.id = id;  }  public String getName() {   return name;  }  public void setName(String name) {   this.name = name;  }  private int id;  private String name;  private List<String> list;  private Map<String,Integer> map; }

配置示例：

<!-- Configure the list bean --> <bean id="testList" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User">  <property name="list">   <list>    <value>list1</value>    <value>list2</value>    <value>list3</value>   </list>  </property> </bean> <!-- configure the map --> <bean id="testMap" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User">  <property name="map">   <map>    <entry key="first" value="1"></entry>    <entry key="second" value="2"></entry>    <entry key="third" value="3"></entry>   </map>  </property> </bean>

3.Properties类型的bean

实体类示例：

package test.Spring.helloworld; import java.util.Properties; public class DataSource {  @Override  public String toString() {   return "Properties [properties=" + properties + "]";  }  public Properties getProperties() {   return properties;  }  public void setProperties(Properties properties) {   this.properties = properties;  }  private Properties properties; }

配置示例：

<!-- configure the properties --> <bean id="dataSource1" class="test.Spring.helloworld.DataSource">  <property name="properties">   <props>    <prop key="user">root</prop>    <prop key="password">1234</prop>    <prop key="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql:///test</prop>    <prop key="driverClass">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</prop>   </props>  </property> </bean>

4.使用Util定义引用其他bean的公共集合

需要先在xml导入命名空间

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd"   xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"    >  </beans>

集合以及调用的xml配置

<!-- if properties of collection are beans --> <util:list id="users">  <ref bean="User"/>  <ref bean="User"/>  <ref bean="User"/> </util:list> <bean id="Users" class="test.Spring.helloworld.Users">  <property name="list">   <ref bean="users"/>  </property> </bean>

5.使用p简化bean的属性赋值

首先，导入p的命名空间

xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

实体类实例：

package test.Spring.helloworld; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; public class User {  @Override  public String toString() {   return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";  }  public int getId() {   return id;  }  public void setId(int id) {   this.id = id;  }  public String getName() {   return name;  }  public void setName(String name) {   this.name = name;  }  private int id;  private String name; }

配置示例：

<!-- use p to write the bean quickly and conveniently -->     <bean id="User1" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User" p:id="2" p:name="jayjay2" />

6.abstract模板bean

设置abstract=true表明此bean是模板bean，为其他bean提供属性值模板

<!-- template bean -->     <bean abstract="true"  id="template" p:id="50" p:name="fromTemplate"></bean>     <bean id="User2" parent="template" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User"></bean>

7.单例bean和原型bean

<!-- use scope to build singleton/prototype bean -->     <bean id="User3" parent="template" scope="singleton" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User"></bean>     <bean id="User4" parent="template" scope="prototype" class="test.Spring.helloworld.User"></bean>

singleton:此bean为单例，在context创建时已经创建，并且只有一个实例。

prototype:单例需要时创建实例。

8.静态工厂方法配置bean

静态工厂类示例：

package test.Spring.FactoryBean; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; public class StaticFactoryMethod {  public static Map<String,Person> map = new HashMap<String,Person>();  static {   map.put("first", new Person(1,"jayjay1"));   map.put("second", new Person(2,"jayjay2"));  }  public static Person getPerson(String key){   return map.get(key);  } }

配置示例：

<!-- static factory method -->         <bean id="person" factory-method="getPerson" class="test.Spring.FactoryBean.StaticFactoryMethod">         <constructor-arg value="first" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>     </bean>

9.实例工厂方法配置bean

工厂类示例：

package test.Spring.FactoryBean; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; public class InstanceFactoryMethod {  public static Map<String,Person> map = new HashMap<String,Person>();  static {   map.put("first", new Person(1,"jayjay1"));   map.put("second", new Person(2,"jayjay2"));  }  public Person getPerson(String key){   return map.get(key);  } }

配置示例：

<!-- instance factory method -->     <bean id="InstanceFactoryMethod" class="test.Spring.FactoryBean.InstanceFactoryMethod"></bean>     <bean id="person1" factory-bean="InstanceFactoryMethod" factory-method="getPerson">         <constructor-arg value="second"></constructor-arg>     </bean>

10.通过实现FactoryBean完成bean的配置

需要对FactoryBean接口的3个方法进行适当重写

PersonFactoryBean类示例：

package test.Spring.FactoryBean; import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean; public class PersonFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<Person>{  public int getId() {   return id;  }  public void setId(int id) {   this.id = id;  }  public String getName() {   return name;  }  public void setName(String name) {   this.name = name;  }  private int id;  private String name;  @Override  public Person getObject() throws Exception {   // TODO Auto-generated method stub   return new Person(id,name);  }  @Override  public Class<?> getObjectType() {   // TODO Auto-generated method stub   return Person.class;  }  @Override  public boolean isSingleton() {   // TODO Auto-generated method stub   return false;  } }

配置示例：

<!-- use factory bean to get a instance -->     <bean id="person2" class="test.Spring.FactoryBean.PersonFactoryBean">         <property name="id" value="3"></property>         <property name="name" value="FactoryBean"></property>     </bean>

四、通过注解配置bean

加上注解的类会被Spring容器管理

@Component

标注于通用实体类

@Controller

标注于Controller/Action

@Service

标注于Service

@Respository

标注于RespositoryImpl/DaoImlp

@Autowired

依据类型自动装配

@Qualifier

指定自动装载的bean的name

1.在Spring配置文件中导入context命名空间，并加入

<context:component-scan base-package="test.Spring.Annotation"></context:component-scan>

表示Spring将扫描test.Spring.Annotation及其子包中所有java文件，并将带有注解的类加入Spring容器进行管理。

例如：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context">   <context:component-scan base-package="test.Spring.Annotation"></context:component-scan> </beans>

2.模拟三层，并用Spring注解方式注入

项目结构：

Spring详细教程

Person实体类

package test.Spring.Annotation; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class Person {  @Override  public String toString() {   return "Person [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";  }  public int getId() {   return id;  }  public void setId(int id) {   this.id = id;  }  public String getName() {   return name;  }  public void setName(String name) {   this.name = name;  }  private int id;   private String name; }

PersonController

package test.Spring.Annotation.Controller;  import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;  @Controller public class PersonController {     public void excute(){         System.out.println("PersonController.excute()...");     } }

PersonService

package test.Spring.Annotation.Service;  import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;  @Service public class PersonService {     public void add(){         System.out.println("PersonService.add()...");     } }

PersonRepository接口

package test.Spring.Annotation.Repository;  public interface PersonRepository {     void add(); }

PersonRepositoryImpl接口实现类

package test.Spring.Annotation.Repository;  import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;  @Repository public class PersonRepositoryImpl implements PersonRepository {      @Override     public void add() {         System.out.println("PersonRepositoryImpl.add()...");         }  }

Main类中测试

package test.Spring.Annotation; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import test.Spring.Annotation.Controller.PersonController; import test.Spring.Annotation.Repository.PersonRepository; import test.Spring.Annotation.Service.PersonService; public class Main {  public static void main(String[] args) {   ApplicationContext context =new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContextForAnnotation.xml");   //inject the common bean   System.out.println(context.getBean("testAutowired"));   //inject the repository   PersonRepository pr = (PersonRepository)context.getBean("personRepositoryImpl");   pr.add();   //inject the controller   PersonController pc = (PersonController)context.getBean("personController");   pc.excute();   //inject the service   PersonService ps = (PersonService)context.getBean("personService");   ps.add();  } }

3.泛型三层的注入

Spring配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd   "    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    >  <context:component-scan base-package="test.Spring.Generic.di"></context:component-scan> </beans>

BaseRespository

package test.Spring.Generic.di;  public class BaseRepository<T> {          public void save() {         System.out.println("repository.save()...");     } }

PersonRepository

package test.Spring.Generic.di;  public interface PersonRespository {     void save(); }

PersonRepositoryImpl

继承BaseRepository就不需要再写一次save方法，且同时实现了PersonRepository接口

package test.Spring.Generic.di;  import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;  import test.Spring.Annotation.Person;  @Repository public class PersonRespositoryImpl extends BaseRepository<Person> implements PersonRespository {  }

BaseService对Dao进行自动装配，子类继承后装配的是子类Respository

package test.Spring.Generic.di; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; public class BaseService<T> {  @Autowired  protected BaseRepository<T> baseRespository;  public void save(){   System.out.println("service.save()...");   System.out.println(baseRespository);  } }

PersonService继承了BaseService，就不需要再写实现save方法，定义Repository字段了

package test.Spring.Generic.di;  import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;  import test.Spring.Annotation.Person;  @Service public class PersonService extends BaseService<Person>{      }

Main类中调用

package test.Spring.Generic.di;  import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;  public class Main {     public static void main(String[] args) {         ApplicationContext context =new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContextForGeneric.xml");         PersonService ps = (PersonService)context.getBean("personService");         ps.save();     } }