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【C#】分享基于Win32 API的服务操作类（解决ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper不能带参数安装的问...

注：这里的服务是指 Windows 服务 。

市面上常见的安装一个服务的方法大概有这么几种：

用Process类调用sc.exe、Installutil.exe等外部工具进行安装。极不推荐，须知创建一个进程开销不小，并且依赖外部工具有损程序健壮性
使用TransactedInstaller和AssemblyInstaller安装类进行安装。不推荐，既然都用托管方法，何不用更好的方法呢
用ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper进行安装。这个我认为是托管方法中首选的方法，事实上它就是对上述两个安装类的封装。另外，Installutil.exe也是用的这个方法

此前我一直用的就是InstallHelper法，但最近需要安装一个服务时却遇到问题，就是承载该服务的程序文件（exe），同时又是个带用户界面的桌面程序，它通过传入main方法的参数决定是以服务运行，还是以桌面程序运行（这里不讨论为什么不把服务和桌面程序分成两个exe。另外有关如何让一个exe即是服务又是桌面程序的问题，请参看园子里其它猿友的文章，或者有闲心我也会写一篇），这就需要安装该服务时，给映像文件路径带上参数，但InstallHelper不支持带参数，勉强带上参数的话，不是报文件不存在，就是报路径不能有非法字符。看了InstallHelper的源码，发现它会把路径和参数整个套进一对双引号，这样在传递给更底层的安装方法时，底层方法会将该字串视为一个路径，自然不是一个合法的路径。但要我去用sc.exe，那是一万个不愿意，伦家可是一个有追求的码屌好不好。所以好好研究了一下InstallHelper的实现，大概套路是这样：

为exe所属程序集创建AssemblyInstaller，AssemblyInstaller会负责创建程序集中所有标记有RunInstallerAttribute特性的类的实例，并将它们加入一个installer集合，最后由TransactedInstaller埃个执行这些installer，实际上就是各个installer实例执行各自的Install方法。对于服务（ServiceBase类）来说，用VS添加安装程序后，便会自动生成一个叫ProjectInstaller的类，这个类就标有RunInstallerAttribute特性。ProjectInstaller类本身会携带两个installer实例，分别属于ServiceProcessInstaller和ServiceInstaller类，ProjectInstaller得到执行的时候会把这俩实例也加入上述installer集合，所以最终执行的是这俩实例的Install方法。其中ServiceProcessInstaller的Install并不真正执行啥玩意儿，它只是携带一些信息（比如运行服务的帐户），供ServiceInstaller的Install取用，真正执行安装服务这个事的是ServiceInstaller的Install方法。

——然而上面这段话并没有什么卵用，不懂的童鞋还得自己看源码推敲才能弄懂。记住一点就好，服务的安装是System.ServiceProcess.ServiceInstaller的Install方法起作用，上面一堆XXXInstaller都是浮云。而ServiceInstaller.Install内部正是调用CreateService这个系统API来执行服务的安装。所以归根结底，溯本追源， CreateService 才是正宗，当然它内部是啥玩意儿就不知道了。题外，一个exe中多个服务时，ServiceProcessInstaller须只有一个，而ServiceInstaller则是每个服务对应一个，看名字就知道，前者与服务承载进程有关，大家都在一个exe里，当然要共用进程设置，后者则是存储每个服务的设置，自然要一一对应。

回到正题，弄清InstallHelper最终是调用CreateService后，直接看后者支不支持带参数安装就行了，答案显然是支持的（该API 文档在此），遂写了个基于API的操作类，问题解决。

该操作类目前仅提供Install和Uninstall俩方法，用以替代InstallHelper，至于对服务的其它操作（启动/停止等），System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController类已经完备的实现，时间仓促，无暇造轮，后面有闲心再说。

方案源码：

【C#】分享基于Win32 API的服务操作类（解决ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper不能带参数安装的问...

using System; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Text; using System.Threading; namespace AhDung {  #region 异常定义  /// <summary>  /// 服务不存在异常  /// </summary>  public class ServiceNotExistException : ApplicationException  {   public ServiceNotExistException() : base("服务不存在！") { }   public ServiceNotExistException(string message) : base(message) { }  }  #endregion  #region 枚举定义  /// <summary>  /// 服务启动类型  /// </summary>  public enum ServiceStartType  {   Boot,   System,   Auto,   Manual,   Disabled  }  /// <summary>  /// 服务运行帐户  /// </summary>  public enum ServiceAccount  {   LocalSystem,   LocalService,   NetworkService,  }  #endregion  /// <summary>  /// Windows 服务辅助类  /// </summary>  public static class ServiceHelper  {   #region 公开方法   /// <summary>   /// 安装服务   /// </summary>   /// <param name="serviceName">服务名</param>   /// <param name="displayName">友好名称</param>   /// <param name="binaryFilePath">映像文件路径，可带参数</param>   /// <param name="description">服务描述</param>   /// <param name="startType">启动类型</param>   /// <param name="account">启动账户</param>   /// <param name="dependencies">依赖服务</param>   public static void Install(string serviceName, string displayName, string binaryFilePath, string description, ServiceStartType startType, ServiceAccount account = ServiceAccount.LocalSystem, string[] dependencies = null)   {    IntPtr scm = OpenSCManager();    IntPtr service = IntPtr.Zero;    try    {     service = Win32Class.CreateService(scm, serviceName, displayName, Win32Class.SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS, Win32Class.SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS, startType, Win32Class.SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL, binaryFilePath, null, IntPtr.Zero, ProcessDependencies(dependencies), GetServiceAccountName(account), null);     if (service == IntPtr.Zero)     {      if (Marshal.GetLastWin32Error() == 0x431)//ERROR_SERVICE_EXISTS      { throw new ApplicationException("服务已存在！"); }      throw new ApplicationException("服务安装失败！");     }     //设置服务描述     Win32Class.SERVICE_DESCRIPTION sd = new Win32Class.SERVICE_DESCRIPTION();     try     {      sd.description = Marshal.StringToHGlobalUni(description);      Win32Class.ChangeServiceConfig2(service, 1, ref sd);     }     finally     {      Marshal.FreeHGlobal(sd.description); //释放     }    }    finally    {     if (service != IntPtr.Zero)     {      Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(service);     }     Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(scm);    }   }   /// <summary>   /// 卸载服务   /// </summary>   /// <param name="serviceName">服务名</param>   public static void Uninstall(string serviceName)   {    IntPtr scmHandle = IntPtr.Zero;    IntPtr service = IntPtr.Zero;    try    {     service = OpenService(serviceName, out scmHandle);     StopService(service); //停止服务。里面会递归停止从属服务     if (!Win32Class.DeleteService(service) && Marshal.GetLastWin32Error() != 0x430) //忽略已标记为删除的服务。ERROR_SERVICE_MARKED_FOR_DELETE     {      throw new ApplicationException("删除服务失败！");     }    }    catch (ServiceNotExistException) { } //忽略服务不存在的情况    finally    {     if (service != IntPtr.Zero)     {      Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(service);      Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle);//放if里面是因为如果服务打开失败，在OpenService里就已释放SCM     }    }   }   #endregion   #region 辅助方法   /// <summary>   /// 转换帐户枚举为有效参数   /// </summary>   private static string GetServiceAccountName(ServiceAccount account)   {    if (account == ServiceAccount.LocalService)    {     return @"NT AUTHORITY/LocalService";    }    if (account == ServiceAccount.NetworkService)    {     return @"NT AUTHORITY/NetworkService";    }    return null;   }   /// <summary>   /// 处理依赖服务参数   /// </summary>   private static string ProcessDependencies(string[] dependencies)   {    if (dependencies == null || dependencies.Length == 0)    {     return null;    }    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();    foreach (string s in dependencies)    {     sb.Append(s).Append('/0');    }    sb.Append('/0');    return sb.ToString();   }   #endregion   #region API 封装方法   /// <summary>   /// 打开服务管理器   /// </summary>   private static IntPtr OpenSCManager()   {    IntPtr scm = Win32Class.OpenSCManager(null, null, Win32Class.SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);    if (scm == IntPtr.Zero)    {     throw new ApplicationException("打开服务管理器失败！");    }    return scm;   }   /// <summary>   /// 打开服务   /// </summary>   /// <param name="serviceName">服务名称</param>   /// <param name="scmHandle">服务管理器句柄。供调用者释放</param>   private static IntPtr OpenService(string serviceName, out IntPtr scmHandle)   {    scmHandle = OpenSCManager();    IntPtr service = Win32Class.OpenService(scmHandle, serviceName, Win32Class.SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);    if (service == IntPtr.Zero)    {     int errCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();     Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle); //关闭SCM     if (errCode == 0x424) //ERROR_SERVICE_DOES_NOT_EXIST     {      throw new ServiceNotExistException();     }     throw new Win32Exception();    }    return service;   }   /// <summary>   /// 停止服务   /// </summary>   private static void StopService(IntPtr service)   {    ServiceState currState = GetServiceStatus(service);    if (currState == ServiceState.Stopped)    {     return;    }    if (currState != ServiceState.StopPending)    {     //递归停止从属服务     string[] childSvs = EnumDependentServices(service, EnumServiceState.Active);     if (childSvs.Length != 0)     {      IntPtr scm = OpenSCManager();      try      {       foreach (string childSv in childSvs)       {        StopService(Win32Class.OpenService(scm, childSv, Win32Class.SERVICE_STOP));       }      }      finally      {       Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(scm);      }     }     Win32Class.SERVICE_STATUS status = new Win32Class.SERVICE_STATUS();     Win32Class.ControlService(service, Win32Class.SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, ref status); //发送停止指令    }    if (!WaitForStatus(service, ServiceState.Stopped, new TimeSpan(0, 0, 30)))    {     throw new ApplicationException("停止服务失败！");    }   }   /// <summary>   /// 遍历从属服务   /// </summary>   /// <param name="serviceHandle"></param>   /// <param name="state">选择性遍历（活动、非活动、全部）</param>   private static string[] EnumDependentServices(IntPtr serviceHandle, EnumServiceState state)   {    int bytesNeeded = 0; //存放从属服务的空间大小，由API返回    int numEnumerated = 0; //从属服务数，由API返回    //先尝试以空结构获取，如获取成功说明从属服务为空，否则拿到上述俩值    if (Win32Class.EnumDependentServices(serviceHandle, state, IntPtr.Zero, 0, ref bytesNeeded, ref numEnumerated))    {     return new string[0];    }    if (Marshal.GetLastWin32Error() != 0xEA) //仅当错误值不是大小不够(ERROR_MORE_DATA)时才抛异常    {     throw new Win32Exception();    }    //在非托管区域创建指针    IntPtr structsStart = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(new IntPtr(bytesNeeded));    try    {     //往上述指针处塞存放从属服务的结构组，每个从属服务是一个结构     if (!Win32Class.EnumDependentServices(serviceHandle, state, structsStart, bytesNeeded, ref bytesNeeded, ref numEnumerated))     {      throw new Win32Exception();     }     string[] dependentServices = new string[numEnumerated];     int sizeOfStruct = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Win32Class.ENUM_SERVICE_STATUS)); //每个结构的大小     long structsStartAsInt64 = structsStart.ToInt64();     for (int i = 0; i < numEnumerated; i++)     {      Win32Class.ENUM_SERVICE_STATUS structure = new Win32Class.ENUM_SERVICE_STATUS();      IntPtr ptr = new IntPtr(structsStartAsInt64 + i * sizeOfStruct); //根据起始指针、结构次序和结构大小推算各结构起始指针      Marshal.PtrToStructure(ptr, structure); //根据指针拿到结构      dependentServices[i] = structure.serviceName; //从结构中拿到服务名     }     return dependentServices;    }    finally    {     Marshal.FreeHGlobal(structsStart);    }   }   /// <summary>   /// 获取服务状态   /// </summary>   private static ServiceState GetServiceStatus(IntPtr service)   {    Win32Class.SERVICE_STATUS status = new Win32Class.SERVICE_STATUS();    if (!Win32Class.QueryServiceStatus(service, ref status))    {     throw new ApplicationException("获取服务状态出错！");    }    return status.currentState;   }   /// <summary>   /// 等候服务至目标状态   /// </summary>   private static bool WaitForStatus(IntPtr serviceHandle, ServiceState desiredStatus, TimeSpan timeout)   {    DateTime startTime = DateTime.Now;    while (GetServiceStatus(serviceHandle) != desiredStatus)    {     if (DateTime.Now - startTime > timeout) { return false; }     Thread.Sleep(200);    }    return true;   }   #endregion   #region 嵌套类   /// <summary>   /// Win32 API相关   /// </summary>   private static class Win32Class   {    #region 常量定义    /// <summary>    /// 打开服务管理器时请求的权限：全部    /// </summary>    public const int SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS = 0xF003F;    /// <summary>    /// 服务类型：自有进程类服务    /// </summary>    public const int SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS = 0x10;    /// <summary>    /// 打开服务时请求的权限：全部    /// </summary>    public const int SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS = 0xF01FF;    /// <summary>    /// 打开服务时请求的权限：停止    /// </summary>    public const int SERVICE_STOP = 0x20;    /// <summary>    /// 服务操作标记：停止    /// </summary>    public const int SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP = 0x1;    /// <summary>    /// 服务出错行为标记    /// </summary>    public const int SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL = 0x1;    #endregion    #region API所需类和结构定义    /// <summary>    /// 服务状态结构体    /// </summary>    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]    public struct SERVICE_STATUS    {     public int serviceType;     public ServiceState currentState;     public int controlsAccepted;     public int win32ExitCode;     public int serviceSpecificExitCode;     public int checkPoint;     public int waitHint;    }    /// <summary>    /// 服务描述结构体    /// </summary>    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]    public struct SERVICE_DESCRIPTION    {     public IntPtr description;    }    /// <summary>    /// 服务状态结构体。遍历API会用到    /// </summary>    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]    public class ENUM_SERVICE_STATUS    {     public string serviceName;     public string displayName;     public int serviceType;     public int currentState;     public int controlsAccepted;     public int win32ExitCode;     public int serviceSpecificExitCode;     public int checkPoint;     public int waitHint;    }    #endregion    #region API定义    [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]    public static extern bool ChangeServiceConfig2(IntPtr serviceHandle, uint infoLevel, ref SERVICE_DESCRIPTION serviceDesc);    [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]    public static extern IntPtr OpenSCManager(string machineName, string databaseName, int dwDesiredAccess);    [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]    public static extern IntPtr OpenService(IntPtr hSCManager, string lpServiceName, int dwDesiredAccess);    [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]    public static extern IntPtr CreateService(IntPtr hSCManager, string lpServiceName, string lpDisplayName, int dwDesiredAccess, int dwServiceType, ServiceStartType dwStartType, int dwErrorControl, string lpBinaryPathName, string lpLoadOrderGroup, IntPtr lpdwTagId, string lpDependencies, string lpServiceStartName, string lpPassword);    [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success), DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]    public static extern bool CloseServiceHandle(IntPtr handle);    [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]    public static extern bool QueryServiceStatus(IntPtr hService, ref SERVICE_STATUS lpServiceStatus);    [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]    public static extern bool DeleteService(IntPtr serviceHandle);    [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]    public static extern bool ControlService(IntPtr hService, int dwControl, ref SERVICE_STATUS lpServiceStatus);    [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]    public static extern bool EnumDependentServices(IntPtr serviceHandle, EnumServiceState serviceState, IntPtr bufferOfENUM_SERVICE_STATUS, int bufSize, ref int bytesNeeded, ref int numEnumerated);    #endregion   }   #endregion   /// <summary>   /// 服务状态枚举。用于遍历从属服务API   /// </summary>   private enum EnumServiceState   {    Active = 1,    //InActive = 2,    //All = 3   }   /// <summary>   /// 服务状态   /// </summary>   private enum ServiceState   {    Stopped = 1,    //StartPending = 2,    StopPending = 3,    //Running = 4,    //ContinuePending = 5,    //PausePending = 6,    //Paused = 7   }  } }

ServiceHelper.cs

使用示例：

//安装 ServiceHelper.Install(  "test",        // 服务名  "Test Sv",        // 显示名称  @"""C:/新建 文件夹/test.exe"" /s",   // 映像路径，可带参数，若路径有空格，需给路径（不含参数）套上双引号  "描述描述描述",       // 服务描述  ServiceStartType.Auto,     // 启动类型  ServiceAccount.LocalService,     // 运行帐户  new[] { "AudioSrv", "WebClient" }   // 依赖服务  ); //卸载 ServiceHelper.Uninstall("test");