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Java并发编程(11):线程间通信中notify通知的遗漏(含代码)

notify通知的遗漏很容易理解,即threadA还没开始wait的时候,threadB已经notify了,这样,threadB通知是没有任何响应的,当threadB退出synchronized代码块后,threadA再开始wait,便会一直阻塞等待,直到被别的线程打断。

遗漏通知的代码

下面给出一段代码演示通知是如何遗漏的,如下:

public class MissedNotify extends Object {  private Object proceedLock;   public MissedNotify() {   print("in MissedNotify()");   proceedLock = new Object();  }   public void waitToProceed() throws InterruptedException {   print("in waitToProceed() - entered");    synchronized ( proceedLock ) {    print("in waitToProceed() - about to wait()");    proceedLock.wait();    print("in waitToProceed() - back from wait()");   }    print("in waitToProceed() - leaving");  }   public void proceed() {   print("in proceed() - entered");    synchronized ( proceedLock ) {    print("in proceed() - about to notifyAll()");    proceedLock.notifyAll();    print("in proceed() - back from notifyAll()");   }    print("in proceed() - leaving");  }   private static void print(String msg) {   String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();   System.out.println(name + ": " + msg);  }   public static void main(String[] args) {   final MissedNotify mn = new MissedNotify();    Runnable runA = new Runnable() {     public void run() {      try {       //休眠1000ms,大于runB中的500ms,       //是为了后调用waitToProceed,从而先notifyAll,后wait,       //从而造成通知的遗漏       Thread.sleep(1000);       mn.waitToProceed();      } catch ( InterruptedException x ) {       x.printStackTrace();      }     }    };    Thread threadA = new Thread(runA, "threadA");   threadA.start();    Runnable runB = new Runnable() {     public void run() {      try {       //休眠500ms,小于runA中的1000ms,       //是为了先调用proceed,从而先notifyAll,后wait,       //从而造成通知的遗漏       Thread.sleep(500);       mn.proceed();      } catch ( InterruptedException x ) {       x.printStackTrace();      }     }    };    Thread threadB = new Thread(runB, "threadB");   threadB.start();    try {     Thread.sleep(10000);   } catch ( InterruptedException x ) {}    //试图打断wait阻塞   print("about to invoke interrupt() on threadA");   threadA.interrupt();  } }

执行结果如下:

Java并发编程(11):线程间通信中notify通知的遗漏(含代码)

分析:由于threadB在执行mn.proceed()之前只休眠了500ms,而threadA在执行mn.waitToProceed()之前休眠了1000ms,因此,threadB会先苏醒,继而执行mn.proceed(),获取到proceedLock的对象锁,继而执行其中的notifyAll(),当退出proceed()方法中的synchronized代码块时,threadA才有机会获取proceedLock的对象锁,继而执行其中的wait()方法,但此时notifyAll()方法已经执行完毕,threadA便漏掉了threadB的通知,便会阻塞下去。后面主线程休眠10秒后,尝试中断threadA线程,使其抛出InterruptedException。

修正后的代码

为了修正MissedNotify,需要添加一个boolean指示变量,该变量只能在同步代码块内部访问和修改。修改后的代码如下:

public class MissedNotifyFix extends Object {  private Object proceedLock;  //该标志位用来指示线程是否需要等待  private boolean okToProceed;   public MissedNotifyFix() {   print("in MissedNotify()");   proceedLock = new Object();   //先设置为false   okToProceed = false;  }   public void waitToProceed() throws InterruptedException {   print("in waitToProceed() - entered");    synchronized ( proceedLock ) {    print("in waitToProceed() - entered sync block");    //while循环判断,这里不用if的原因是为了防止早期通知    while ( okToProceed == false ) {     print("in waitToProceed() - about to wait()");     proceedLock.wait();     print("in waitToProceed() - back from wait()");    }     print("in waitToProceed() - leaving sync block");   }    print("in waitToProceed() - leaving");  }   public void proceed() {   print("in proceed() - entered");    synchronized ( proceedLock ) {    print("in proceed() - entered sync block");    //通知之前,将其设置为true,这样即使出现通知遗漏的情况,也不会使线程在wait出阻塞    okToProceed = true;    print("in proceed() - changed okToProceed to true");    proceedLock.notifyAll();    print("in proceed() - just did notifyAll()");     print("in proceed() - leaving sync block");   }    print("in proceed() - leaving");  }   private static void print(String msg) {   String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();   System.out.println(name + ": " + msg);  }   public static void main(String[] args) {   final MissedNotifyFix mnf = new MissedNotifyFix();    Runnable runA = new Runnable() {     public void run() {      try {       //休眠1000ms,大于runB中的500ms,       //是为了后调用waitToProceed,从而先notifyAll,后wait,       Thread.sleep(1000);       mnf.waitToProceed();      } catch ( InterruptedException x ) {       x.printStackTrace();      }     }    };    Thread threadA = new Thread(runA, "threadA");   threadA.start();    Runnable runB = new Runnable() {     public void run() {      try {       //休眠500ms,小于runA中的1000ms,       //是为了先调用proceed,从而先notifyAll,后wait,       Thread.sleep(500);       mnf.proceed();      } catch ( InterruptedException x ) {       x.printStackTrace();      }     }    };    Thread threadB = new Thread(runB, "threadB");   threadB.start();    try {     Thread.sleep(10000);   } catch ( InterruptedException x ) {}    print("about to invoke interrupt() on threadA");   threadA.interrupt();  } }

执行结果如下:

Java并发编程(11):线程间通信中notify通知的遗漏(含代码)

注意代码中加了注释的部分,在threadB进行通知之前,先将okToProceed置为true,这样如果threadA将通知遗漏,那么就不会进入while循环,也便不会执行wait方法,线程也就不会阻塞。如果通知没有被遗漏,wait方法返回后,okToProceed已经被置为true,下次while循环判断条件不成立,便会退出循环。

这样,通过标志位和wait、notifyAll的配合使用,便避免了通知遗漏而造成的阻塞问题。

总结:在使用线程的等待/通知机制时,一般都要配合一个boolean变量值(或者其他能够判断真假的条件),在notify之前改变该boolean变量的值,让wait返回后能够退出while循环(一般都要在wait方法外围加一层while循环,以防止早期通知),或在通知被遗漏后,不会被阻塞在wait方法处。这样便保证了程序的正确性。

本系列:

  • Java并发编程(1):可重入内置锁
  • Java并发编程(2):线程中断(含代码)
  • Java并发编程(3):线程挂起、恢复与终止的正确方法(含代码)
  • Java并发编程(4):守护线程与线程阻塞的四种情况
  • Java并发编程(5):volatile变量修饰符—意料之外的问题(含代码)
  • Java并发编程(6):Runnable和Thread实现多线程的区别(含代码)
  • Java并发编程(7):使用synchronized获取互斥锁的几点说明
  • Java并发编程(8):多线程环境中安全使用集合API(含代码)
  • Java并发编程(9):死锁(含代码)
  • Java并发编程(10):使用wait/notify/notifyAll实现线程间通信的几点重要说明
  • Java并发编程(11):线程间通信中notify通知的遗漏(含代码)
原文  http://www.importnew.com/20677.html
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