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Oracle简单常用的数据泵导出导入(expdp/impdp)命令举例(上)

目的：指导项目侧自行进行简单的数据泵迁移工作。

本文实验环境：Oracle 11.2.0.4，利用数据库自带的scott示例用户进行试验测试。

1.首先需要创建Directory

2.使用expdp导出用户数据

2.1 只导出scott用户的元数据，且不包含统计信息；
2.2 只导出scott用户的数据；
2.3 只导出scott用户下的emp，dept表及数据；
2.4 只导出scott用户下的emp，dept表结构；
2.5 导出scott用户下所有的内容；
2.6 并行导出scott用户下所有的内容；

3.查询当前用户用到的表空间

1. 首先需要创建Directory

这里目录名字定义为"jy"，若是windows平台，对应系统目录为"E:/jingyu";

create or replace directory jy as 'E:/jingyu';

若是Unix/Linux平台，对应系统目录为"/tmp/jingyu".

create or replace directory jy as '/tmp/jingyu';

注意：目录在系统上需要真实存在（mkdir -p /tmp/jingyu），且有访问的权限。drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 4.0K May 22 16:48 jingyu

2. 使用expdp导出用户数据

2.1 只导出scott用户的元数据，且不包含统计信息；

expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott content=metadata_only exclude=statistics dumpfile=scott_meta.dmp logfile=scott_meta.log

$ expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott content=metadata_only exclude=statistics dumpfile=scott_meta.dmp logfile=scott_meta.log  Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri May 22 16:57:59 2015  Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved. Password:   Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** directory=jy schemas=scott content=metadata_only exclude=statistics dumpfile=scott_meta.dmp logfile=scott_meta.log  Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded ****************************************************************************** Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:   /tmp/jingyu/scott_meta.dmp Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Fri May 22 16:58:13 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:11

2.2 只导出scott用户的数据；

expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott content=data_only dumpfile=scott_data.dmp logfile=scott_data.log

$ expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott content=data_only dumpfile=scott_data.dmp logfile=scott_data.log  Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri May 22 16:58:47 2015  Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved. Password:   Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** directory=jy schemas=scott content=data_only dumpfile=scott_data.dmp logfile=scott_data.log  Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method... Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB . . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT"                              5.929 KB       4 rows . . exported "SCOTT"."EMP"                               8.484 KB      12 rows . . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"                          5.859 KB       5 rows . . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS"                                 0 KB       0 rows Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded ****************************************************************************** Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:   /tmp/jingyu/scott_data.dmp Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Fri May 22 16:58:57 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:07

2.3 只导出scott用户下的emp，dept表及数据；

这里如果用scott用户导出，需要注意scott用户对于directory的权限问题：需要dba用户赋予scott用户read,write目录的权限。即：grant read, write on directory jy to scott;

SQL> grant read, write on directory jy to scott;  Grant succeeded.

expdp scott directory=jy tables=emp,dept dumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept.log

$ expdp scott directory=jy tables=emp,dept dumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept.log  Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri May 22 17:13:55 2015  Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved. Password:   Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":  scott/******** directory=jy tables=emp,dept dumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept.log  Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method... Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 128 KB Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS . . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT"                              5.929 KB       4 rows . . exported "SCOTT"."EMP"                               8.484 KB      12 rows Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded ****************************************************************************** Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:   /tmp/jingyu/scott_emp_dept.dmp Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at Fri May 22 17:14:04 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:06

2.4 只导出scott用户下的emp，dept表结构；

expdp scott directory=jy tables=emp,dept content=metadata_only dumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.log

$ expdp scott directory=jy tables=emp,dept content=metadata_only dumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.log  Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri May 22 17:14:51 2015  Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved. Password:   Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":  scott/******** directory=jy tables=emp,dept content=metadata_only dumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.log  Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded ****************************************************************************** Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:   /tmp/jingyu/scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at Fri May 22 17:15:01 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:07

2.5 导出scott用户下所有的内容；

expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all.dmp logfile=scott_all.log

$ expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all.dmp logfile=scott_all.log  Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri May 22 17:15:52 2015  Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved. Password:   Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** directory=jy schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all.dmp logfile=scott_all.log  Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method... Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS . . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT"                              5.929 KB       4 rows . . exported "SCOTT"."EMP"                               8.484 KB      12 rows . . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"                          5.859 KB       5 rows . . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS"                                 0 KB       0 rows Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded ****************************************************************************** Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:   /tmp/jingyu/scott_all.dmp Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Fri May 22 17:16:06 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:11

2.6 并行导出scott用户下所有的内容；

expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all%U.dmp logfile=scott_all.log parallel=2

$ expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all%U.dmp logfile=scott_all.log parallel=2  Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri May 22 16:55:13 2015  Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved. Password:   Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** directory=jy schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all%U.dmp logfile=scott_all.log parallel=2  Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method... Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE . . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT"                              5.929 KB       4 rows . . exported "SCOTT"."EMP"                               8.484 KB      12 rows . . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"                          5.859 KB       5 rows . . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS"                                 0 KB       0 rows Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded ****************************************************************************** Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:   /tmp/jingyu/scott_all01.dmp   /tmp/jingyu/scott_all02.dmp Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Fri May 22 16:56:12 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:54

3. 查询当前用户用到的表空间

select tablespace_name from user_tables union select tablespace_name from user_tab_partitions union select tablespace_name from user_indexes union select tablespace_name from user_ind_partitions;

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