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Use Rubocop to control your Ruby code's quality

代码质量控制，是项目自始至终都应该去掌控的事情。虽然每个团队的风格总会有一些出入，但是达成共识是一件并不困难的事情。达成共识以后，我们需要借助工具，以及达成一套流程来帮助我们半自动化或自动化地做这样的一件事情。

在 Ruby 社区里，目前最广泛使用的是 Rubocop 。

Rubocop

Rubocop 是一个 Ruby 静态代码分析。其默认遵循的是一个由社区驱动的 Ruby Style Guide 。

优点

配置简单，定制化好，快速集成
遵循 Rails 所提倡的 COC 原则
兼容性好，支持 Ruby 2.0+

缺点

无法做到像编译性语言那么准确，这当然也跟 Ruby 语言本身的灵活性有关系

Rails 集成 Rubocop

在 Gemfile 增加

group :develop do
  gem 'rubocop', require: false
end

运行

bundle install
bundle exec rubocop

自定义

每个团队的风格不一样，一定会有自定义的需求，只需要 Rails 项目根目录下，新建文件

.rubocop.yml

AllCops:
  Exclude:
    - 'vendor/**/*'
    - 'spec/fixtures/**/*'
    - 'tmp/**/*'
  TargetRubyVersion: 2.1

Style/Encoding:
  EnforcedStyle: when_needed
  Enabled: true

Style/FrozenStringLiteralComment:
  EnforcedStyle: always

Style/IndentHeredoc:
  EnforcedStyle: powerpack

Metrics/BlockLength:
  Exclude:
    - 'Rakefile'
    - '**/*.rake'
    - 'spec/**/*.rb'

如果想要自定义，可以参考文件 https://github.com/bbatsov/rubocop/blob/master/config/default.yml 然后在 .rubocop.yml 添加即可。

推荐配置

.rubocop.yml

inherit_from: .rubocop_todo.yml

AllCops:
  Include:
    - '**/Gemfile'
    - '**/Rakefile'
  Exclude:
    - 'bin/*'
    - 'db/migrate/*'
    - 'db/seeds.rb'
    - 'db/schema.rb'
    - 'vendor/bundle/**/*'
    - 'script/**/*'
    - !ruby/regexp /old_and_unused/.rb$/
  TargetRubyVersion: 2.1

Documentation:
  Enabled: false

Style/AsciiComments:
  Enabled: false

Style/MethodDefParentheses:
  # EnforcedStyle: require_no_parentheses_except_multiline
  EnforcedStyle: require_parentheses
  # SupportedStyles:
  #     - require_parentheses
  #     - require_no_parentheses
  #     - require_no_parentheses_except_multiline

Metrics/LineLength:
  Max: 1200

Metrics/ClassLength:
  Max: 1200

Metrics/MethodLength:
  Max: 1200

Metrics/ModuleLength:
  Max: 1200

.rubocop_todo.yml

# This configuration was generated by
# `rubocop --auto-gen-config`
# on 2016-04-19 10:48:45 +0800 using RuboCop version 0.39.0.
# The point is for the user to remove these configuration records
# one by one as the offenses are removed from the code base.
# Note that changes in the inspected code, or installation of new
# versions of RuboCop, may require this file to be generated again.

# Offense count: 25
# Configuration parameters: AllowHeredoc, AllowURI, URISchemes.
# URISchemes: http, https
Metrics/LineLength:
  Max: 120

# Offense count: 5
Style/AsciiComments:
  Exclude:
    - 'Gemfile'

# Offense count: 1
# Cop supports --auto-correct.
Style/BlockComments:
  Exclude:
    - 'spec/spec_helper.rb'

# Offense count: 3
Style/Documentation:
  Exclude:
    - 'spec/**/*'
    - 'test/**/*'
    - 'app/controllers/application_controller.rb'
    - 'app/helpers/application_helper.rb'
    - 'config/application.rb'

# Offense count: 1
# Cop supports --auto-correct.
# Configuration parameters: AllowForAlignment, ForceEqualSignAlignment.
Style/ExtraSpacing:
  Exclude:
    - 'bin/setup'

# Offense count: 3
# Cop supports --auto-correct.
# Configuration parameters: SupportedStyles.
# SupportedStyles: call, braces
Style/LambdaCall:
  EnforcedStyle: braces

# Offense count: 20
# Cop supports --auto-correct.
# Configuration parameters: EnforcedStyle, SupportedStyles, ConsistentQuotesInMultiline.
# SupportedStyles: single_quotes, double_quotes
Style/StringLiterals:
  Enabled: false

原文 http://www.justqyx.me/blog/2017/02/19/rubocop/

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