jdk1.8:Spring Boot 推荐jdk1.7及以上;java version "1.8.0_112"
maven3.x:maven 3.3以上版本;Apache Maven 3.3.9
IntelliJIDEA2017:IntelliJ IDEA 2017.2.2 x64、STS
SpringBoot 1.5.9.RELEASE:1.5.9;
给maven 的settings.xml配置文件的profiles标签添加
<profile>
<id>jdk-1.8</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
<jdk>1.8</jdk>
</activation>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
</properties>
</profile>
复制代码
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
复制代码
/**
* @SpringBootApplication 来标注一个主程序类,说明这是一个Spring Boot应用
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloWorldMainApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Spring应用启动起来
SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class,args);
}
}
复制代码
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(){
return "Hello World!";
}
}
复制代码
<!-- 这个插件,可以将应用打包成一个可执行的jar包;-->
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
复制代码
将这个应用打成jar包,直接使用java -jar的命令进行执行;
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
他的父项目是
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath>
</parent>
他来真正管理Spring Boot应用里面的所有依赖版本;
复制代码
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
复制代码
spring-boot-starter-web:
/**
* @SpringBootApplication 来标注一个主程序类,说明这是一个Spring Boot应用
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloWorldMainApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Spring应用启动起来
SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class,args);
}
}
复制代码
@ SpringBootApplication : Spring Boot应用标注在某个类上说明这个类是SpringBoot的主配置类,SpringBoot就应该运行这个类的main方法来启动SpringBoot应用;
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
复制代码
@ SpringBootConfiguration :Spring Boot的配置类;
标注在某个类上,表示这是一个Spring Boot的配置类;
@ Configuration :配置类上来标注这个注解;
配置类 ----- 配置文件;配置类也是容器中的一个组件;@Component
@ EnableAutoConfiguration :开启自动配置功能;
以前我们需要配置的东西,Spring Boot帮我们自动配置;@ EnableAutoConfiguration 告诉SpringBoot开启自动配置功能;这样自动配置才能生效;
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
复制代码
@ AutoConfigurationPackage :自动配置包
@ Import (AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class):
Spring的底层注解@Import,给容器中导入一个组件;导入的组件由AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class;将主配置类(@SpringBootApplication标注的类)的所在包及下面所有子包里面的所有组件扫描到Spring容器;
@ Import (EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class);
给容器中导入组件?
EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector :导入哪些组件的选择器;
将所有需要导入的组件以全类名的方式返回;这些组件就会被添加到容器中;
会给容器中导入非常多的自动配置类(xxxAutoConfiguration);就是给容器中导入这个场景需要的所有组件,并配置好这些组件;
有了自动配置类,免去了我们手动编写配置注入功能组件等的工作;
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(EnableAutoConfiguration.class,classLoader);
IDE都支持使用Spring的项目创建向导快速创建一个Spring Boot项目;
选择我们需要的模块;向导会联网创建Spring Boot项目;
默认生成的Spring Boot项目;
SpringBoot使用一个全局的配置文件,配置文件名是固定的;
•application.properties
•application.yml
k:(空格)v :表示一对键值对(空格必须有);
以 空格 的缩进来控制层级关系;只要是左对齐的一列数据,都是同一个层级的
server:
port: 8081
path: /hello
复制代码
属性和值是大小写敏感的
k: v:字面直接来写;
字符串默认不用加上单引号或者双引号;
"":双引号;不会转义字符串里面的特殊字符;特殊字符会作为本身想表示的意思
'':单引号;会转义特殊字符,特殊字符最终只是一个普通的字符串数据
k: v:在下一行来写对象的属性和值的关系;注意缩进
对象还是k: v的方式
friends: lastName: zhangsan age: 20 复制代码
行内写法:
friends: {lastName: zhangsan,age: 18}
复制代码
用- 值表示数组中的一个元素
pets: - cat - dog - pig 复制代码
行内写法
pets: [cat,dog,pig] 复制代码
配置文件
person:
lastName: hello
age: 18
boss: false
birth: 2017/12/12
maps: {k1: v1,k2: 12}
lists:
- lisi
- zhaoliu
dog:
name: 小狗
age: 12
复制代码
javaBean:
/**
* 将配置文件中配置的每一个属性的值,映射到这个组件中
* @ConfigurationProperties:告诉SpringBoot将本类中的所有属性和配置文件中相关的配置进行绑定;
* prefix = "person":配置文件中哪个下面的所有属性进行一一映射
*
* 只有这个组件是容器中的组件,才能容器提供的@ConfigurationProperties功能;
*
*/
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
public class Person {
private String lastName;
private Integer age;
private Boolean boss;
private Date birth;
private Map<String,Object> maps;
private List<Object> lists;
private Dog dog;
复制代码
我们可以导入配置文件处理器,以后编写配置就有提示了
<!--导入配置文件处理器,配置文件进行绑定就会有提示--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> 复制代码
调整
| @ConfigurationProperties | @Value | |
|---|---|---|
| 功能 | 批量注入配置文件中的属性 | 一个个指定 |
| 松散绑定(松散语法) | 支持 | 不支持 |
| SpEL | 不支持 | 支持 |
| JSR303数据校验 | 支持 | 不支持 |
| 复杂类型封装 | 支持 | 不支持 |
配置文件yml还是properties他们都能获取到值;
如果说,我们只是在某个业务逻辑中需要获取一下配置文件中的某项值,使用@Value;
如果说,我们专门编写了一个javaBean来和配置文件进行映射,我们就直接使用@ConfigurationProperties;
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
@Validated
public class Person {
/**
* <bean class="Person">
* <property name="lastName" value="字面量/${key}从环境变量、配置文件中获取值/#{SpEL}"></property>
* <bean/>
*/
//lastName必须是邮箱格式
@Email
//@Value("${person.last-name}")
private String lastName;
//@Value("#{11*2}")
private Integer age;
//@Value("true")
private Boolean boss;
private Date birth;
private Map<String,Object> maps;
private List<Object> lists;
private Dog dog;
复制代码
@ PropertySource :加载指定的配置文件;
/**
* 将配置文件中配置的每一个属性的值,映射到这个组件中
* @ConfigurationProperties:告诉SpringBoot将本类中的所有属性和配置文件中相关的配置进行绑定;
* prefix = "person":配置文件中哪个下面的所有属性进行一一映射
*
* 只有这个组件是容器中的组件,才能容器提供的@ConfigurationProperties功能;
* @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")默认从全局配置文件中获取值;
*
*/
@PropertySource(value = {"classpath:person.properties"})
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
//@Validated
public class Person {
/**
* <bean class="Person">
* <property name="lastName" value="字面量/${key}从环境变量、配置文件中获取值/#{SpEL}"></property>
* <bean/>
*/
//lastName必须是邮箱格式
// @Email
//@Value("${person.last-name}")
private String lastName;
//@Value("#{11*2}")
private Integer age;
//@Value("true")
private Boolean boss;
复制代码
@ ImportResource :导入Spring的配置文件,让配置文件里面的内容生效;
Spring Boot里面没有Spring的配置文件,我们自己编写的配置文件,也不能自动识别;
想让Spring的配置文件生效,加载进来;@ ImportResource 标注在一个配置类上
@ImportResource(locations = {"classpath:beans.xml"})
导入Spring的配置文件让其生效
复制代码
不来编写Spring的配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="helloService" class="com.atguigu.springboot.service.HelloService"></bean>
</beans>
复制代码
SpringBoot推荐给容器中添加组件的方式;推荐使用全注解的方式
1、配置类 @Configuration ------>Spring配置文件
2、使用 @Bean 给容器中添加组件
/**
* @Configuration:指明当前类是一个配置类;就是来替代之前的Spring配置文件
*
* 在配置文件中用<bean><bean/>标签添加组件
*
*/
@Configuration
public class MyAppConfig {
//将方法的返回值添加到容器中;容器中这个组件默认的id就是方法名
@Bean
public HelloService helloService02(){
System.out.println("配置类@Bean给容器中添加组件了...");
return new HelloService();
}
}
复制代码
${random.value}、${random.int}、${random.long}
${random.int(10)}、${random.int[1024,65536]}
复制代码
person.last-name=张三${random.uuid}
person.age=${random.int}
person.birth=2017/12/15
person.boss=false
person.maps.k1=v1
person.maps.k2=14
person.lists=a,b,c
person.dog.name=${person.hello:hello}_dog
person.dog.age=15
复制代码
我们在主配置文件编写的时候,文件名可以是 application-{profile}.properties/yml
默认使用application.properties的配置;
server:
port: 8081
spring:
profiles:
active: prod
---
server:
port: 8083
spring:
profiles: dev
---
server:
port: 8084
spring:
profiles: prod #指定属于哪个环境
复制代码
1、在配置文件中指定 spring.profiles.active=dev
2、命令行:
java -jar spring-boot-02-config-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.profiles.active=dev;
可以直接在测试的时候,配置传入命令行参数
3、虚拟机参数;
-Dspring.profiles.active=dev
springboot 启动会扫描以下位置的application.properties或者application.yml文件作为Spring boot的默认配置文件
–file:./config/
–file:./
–classpath:/config/
–classpath:/
优先级由高到底,高优先级的配置会覆盖低优先级的配置;
SpringBoot会从这四个位置全部加载主配置文件; 互补配置 ;
我们还可以通过spring.config.location来改变默认的配置文件位置
java -jar spring-boot-02-config-02-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.config.location=G:/application.properties
SpringBoot也可以从以下位置加载配置; 优先级从高到低;高优先级的配置覆盖低优先级的配置,所有的配置会形成互补配置
所有的配置都可以在命令行上进行指定
java -jar spring-boot-02-config-02-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --server.port=8087 --server.context-path=/abc
多个配置用空格分开; --配置项=值
由jar包外向jar包内进行寻找;
优先加载带profile
再来加载不带profile
所有支持的配置加载来源;
参考官方文档
配置文件到底能写什么?怎么写?自动配置原理;
配置文件能配置的属性参照
1)SpringBoot启动的时候加载主配置类,开启了自动配置功能 @EnableAutoConfiguration
利用EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector给容器中导入一些组件?
可以查看selectImports()方法的内容;
List configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);获取候选的配置
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames() 扫描所有jar包类路径下 META-INF/spring.factories 把扫描到的这些文件的内容包装成properties对象 从properties中获取到EnableAutoConfiguration.class类(类名)对应的值,然后把他们添加在容器中 复制代码
# Auto Configure org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=/ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,/ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,/ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,/ ... 复制代码
每一个这样的 xxxAutoConfiguration类都是容器中的一个组件,都加入到容器中;用他们来做自动配置;
3)每一个自动配置类进行自动配置功能;
4)以 HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(Http编码自动配置) 为例解释自动配置原理;
@Configuration //表示这是一个配置类,以前编写的配置文件一样,也可以给容器中添加组件
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HttpEncodingProperties.class) //启动指定类的ConfigurationProperties功能;将配置文件中对应的值和HttpEncodingProperties绑定起来;并把HttpEncodingProperties加入到ioc容器中
@ConditionalOnWebApplication //Spring底层@Conditional注解(Spring注解版),根据不同的条件,如果满足指定的条件,整个配置类里面的配置就会生效; 判断当前应用是否是web应用,如果是,当前配置类生效
@ConditionalOnClass(CharacterEncodingFilter.class) //判断当前项目有没有这个类CharacterEncodingFilter;SpringMVC中进行乱码解决的过滤器;
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.http.encoding", value = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true) //判断配置文件中是否存在某个配置 spring.http.encoding.enabled;如果不存在,判断也是成立的
//即使我们配置文件中不配置pring.http.encoding.enabled=true,也是默认生效的;
public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration {
//他已经和SpringBoot的配置文件映射了
private final HttpEncodingProperties properties;
//只有一个有参构造器的情况下,参数的值就会从容器中拿
public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(HttpEncodingProperties properties) {
this.properties = properties;
}
@Bean //给容器中添加一个组件,这个组件的某些值需要从properties中获取
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(CharacterEncodingFilter.class) //判断容器没有这个组件?
public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {
CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter();
filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name());
filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.REQUEST));
filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.RESPONSE));
return filter;
}
复制代码
根据当前不同的条件判断,决定这个配置类是否生效?
一但这个配置类生效;这个配置类就会给容器中添加各种组件;这些组件的属性是从对应的properties类中获取的,这些类里面的每一个属性又是和配置文件绑定的;
5)所有在配置文件中能配置的属性都是在xxxxProperties类中封装者‘;配置文件能配置什么就可以参照某个功能对应的这个属性类
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.http.encoding") //从配置文件中获取指定的值和bean的属性进行绑定
public class HttpEncodingProperties {
public static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
复制代码
xxxxAutoConfigurartion:自动配置类;
给容器中添加组件
xxxxProperties:封装配置文件中相关属性;
作用:必须是@Conditional指定的条件成立,才给容器中添加组件,配置配里面的所有内容才生效;
| @Conditional扩展注解 | 作用(判断是否满足当前指定条件) |
|---|---|
| @ConditionalOnJava | 系统的java版本是否符合要求 |
| @ConditionalOnBean | 容器中存在指定Bean; |
| @ConditionalOnMissingBean | 容器中不存在指定Bean; |
| @ConditionalOnExpression | 满足SpEL表达式指定 |
| @ConditionalOnClass | 系统中有指定的类 |
| @ConditionalOnMissingClass | 系统中没有指定的类 |
| @ConditionalOnSingleCandidate | 容器中只有一个指定的Bean,或者这个Bean是首选Bean |
| @ConditionalOnProperty | 系统中指定的属性是否有指定的值 |
| @ConditionalOnResource | 类路径下是否存在指定资源文件 |
| @ConditionalOnWebApplication | 当前是web环境 |
| @ConditionalOnNotWebApplication | 当前不是web环境 |
| @ConditionalOnJndi | JNDI存在指定项 |
我们怎么知道哪些自动配置类生效;
我们可以通过启用 debug=true属性;来让控制台打印自动配置报告,这样我们就可以很方便的知道哪些自动配置类生效;
=========================
AUTO-CONFIGURATION REPORT
=========================
Positive matches:(自动配置类启用的)
-----------------
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration matched:
- @ConditionalOnClass found required class 'org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet'; @ConditionalOnMissingClass did not find unwanted class (OnClassCondition)
- @ConditionalOnWebApplication (required) found StandardServletEnvironment (OnWebApplicationCondition)
Negative matches:(没有启动,没有匹配成功的自动配置类)
-----------------
ActiveMQAutoConfiguration:
Did not match:
- @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'javax.jms.ConnectionFactory', 'org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition)
AopAutoConfiguration:
Did not match:
- @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect', 'org.aspectj.lang.reflect.Advice' (OnClassCondition)
复制代码
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {
//可以设置和静态资源有关的参数,缓存时间等
复制代码
WebMvcAuotConfiguration:
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
return;
}
Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
.addResourceLocations(
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}
String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
//静态资源文件夹映射
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
.addResourceLocations(
this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}
}
//配置欢迎页映射
@Bean
public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),
this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
}
//配置喜欢的图标
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
public static class FaviconConfiguration {
private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
}
@Bean
public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
//所有 **/favicon.ico
mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
faviconRequestHandler()));
return mapping;
}
@Bean
public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
requestHandler
.setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
return requestHandler;
}
}
复制代码
1)、所有 /webjars/** ,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源;
webjars:以jar包的方式引入静态资源;
www.webjars.org/
localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js
<!--引入jquery-webjar-->在访问的时候只需要写webjars下面资源的名称即可 <dependency> <groupId>org.webjars</groupId> <artifactId>jquery</artifactId> <version>3.3.1</version> </dependency> 复制代码
2)、"/**" 访问当前项目的任何资源,都去(静态资源的文件夹)找映射
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/", "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/" "/":当前项目的根路径 复制代码
localhost:8080/abc === 去静态资源文件夹里面找abc
3)、欢迎页; 静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被"/**"映射;
localhost:8080/ 找index页面
4)、所有的 **/favicon.ico 都是在静态资源文件下找;
JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf
SpringBoot推荐的Thymeleaf;
语法更简单,功能更强大;
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
2.1.6
</dependency>
切换thymeleaf版本
<properties>
<thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
<!-- 布局功能的支持程序 thymeleaf3主程序 layout2以上版本 -->
<!-- thymeleaf2 layout1-->
<thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
</properties>
复制代码
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
public class ThymeleafProperties {
private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");
public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
//
复制代码
只要我们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自动渲染;
使用:
1、导入thymeleaf的名称空间
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> 复制代码
2、使用thymeleaf语法;
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>成功!</h1>
<!--th:text 将div里面的文本内容设置为 -->
<div th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢迎信息</div>
</body>
</html>
复制代码
1)、th:text;改变当前元素里面的文本内容;
th:任意html属性;来替换原生属性的值
2)、表达式?
Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法
2)、使用内置的基本对象:
#ctx : the context object.
#vars: the context variables.
#locale : the context locale.
#request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
#response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
#session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
#servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
${session.foo}
3)、内置的一些工具对象:
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).
Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;
补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
<div th:object="${session.user}">
<p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
<p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
<p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
</div>
Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容
Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;
@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式
<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
Literals(字面量)
Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
Boolean literals: true , false
Null literal: null
Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:(文本操作)
String concatenation: +
Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
Minus sign (unary operator): -
Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
Binary operators: and , or
Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)
Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
If-then: (if) ? (then)
If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:
No-Operation: _
复制代码
docs.spring.io/spring-boot…
Spring Boot 自动配置好了SpringMVC
以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置: (WebMvcAutoConfiguration)
Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.
Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).静态资源文件夹路径,webjars
Static index.html support. 静态首页访问
Custom Favicon support (see below). favicon.ico
自动注册了 of Converter , GenericConverter , Formatter beans.
Formatter
@Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date-format")//在文件中配置日期格式化的规则
public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化组件
}
复制代码
自己添加的格式化器转换器,我们只需要放在容器中即可
Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below).
HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用来转换Http请求和响应的;User---Json;
HttpMessageConverters 是从容器中确定;获取所有的HttpMessageConverter;
==自己给容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只需要将自己的组件注册容器中(@Bean,@Component)==
Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below).定义错误代码生成规则
Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below).
==我们可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的;(添加到容器)==
初始化WebDataBinder; 请求数据=====JavaBean; 复制代码
<mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/>
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
<bean></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
复制代码
既保留了所有的自动配置,也能用我们扩展的配置;
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// super.addViewControllers(registry);
//浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success
registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
}
}
复制代码
原理:
1)、WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自动配置类
2)、在做其他自动配置时会导入;@Import( EnableWebMvcConfiguration .class)
@Configuration
public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {
private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();
//从容器中获取所有的WebMvcConfigurer
@Autowired(required = false)
public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
//一个参考实现;将所有的WebMvcConfigurer相关配置都来一起调用;
@Override
// public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) {
// delegate.addViewControllers(registry);
// }
}
}
}
复制代码
3)、容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都会一起起作用;
4)、我们的配置类也会被调用;
效果:SpringMVC的自动配置和我们的扩展配置都会起作用;
SpringBoot对SpringMVC的自动配置不需要了,所有都是我们自己配置;所有的SpringMVC的自动配置都失效了
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
@EnableWebMvc
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// super.addViewControllers(registry);
//浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success
registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
}
}
复制代码
原理:
为什么@EnableWebMvc自动配置就失效了;
1)@EnableWebMvc的核心
@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)
public @interface EnableWebMvc {
复制代码
2)、
@Configuration
public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
复制代码
3)、
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class,
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class })
//容器中没有这个组件的时候,这个自动配置类才生效
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class,
ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
复制代码
4)、@EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来;
5)、导入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能;
模式:
1)、SpringBoot在自动配置很多组件的时候,先看容器中有没有用户自己配置的(@Bean、@Component)如果有就用用户配置的,如果没有,才自动配置;如果有些组件可以有多个(ViewResolver)将用户配置的和自己默认的组合起来;
2)、在SpringBoot中会有非常多的xxxConfigurer帮助我们进行扩展配置
3)、在SpringBoot中会有很多的xxxCustomizer帮助我们进行定制配置
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
//@EnableWebMvc 不要接管SpringMVC
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// super.addViewControllers(registry);
//浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success
registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
}
//所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter组件都会一起起作用
@Bean //将组件注册在容器
public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
}
};
return adapter;
}
}
复制代码
开发期间模板引擎页面修改以后,要实时生效
1)、禁用模板引擎的缓存
# 禁用缓存 spring.thymeleaf.cache=false 复制代码
2)、页面修改完成以后ctrl+f9:重新编译;
登陆错误消息的显示
<p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>
复制代码
拦截器
/**
* 登陆检查,
*/
public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
//目标方法执行之前
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser");
if(user == null){
//未登陆,返回登陆页面
request.setAttribute("msg","没有权限请先登陆");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request,response);
return false;
}else{
//已登陆,放行请求
return true;
}
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
}
}
复制代码
注册拦截器
//所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter组件都会一起起作用
@Bean //将组件注册在容器
public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");
}
//注册拦截器
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
//super.addInterceptors(registry);
//静态资源; *.css , *.js
//SpringBoot已经做好了静态资源映射
registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**")
.excludePathPatterns("/index.html","/","/user/login");
}
};
return adapter;
}
复制代码
实验要求:
1)、RestfulCRUD:CRUD满足Rest风格;
URI: /资源名称/资源标识 HTTP请求方式区分对资源CRUD操作
| 普通CRUD(uri来区分操作) | RestfulCRUD | |
|---|---|---|
| 查询 | getEmp | emp---GET |
| 添加 | addEmp?xxx | emp---POST |
| 修改 | updateEmp?id=xxx&xxx=xx | emp/{id}---PUT |
| 删除 | deleteEmp?id=1 | emp/{id}---DELETE |
2)、实验的请求架构;
| 实验功能 | 请求URI | 请求方式 |
|---|---|---|
| 查询所有员工 | emps | GET |
| 查询某个员工(来到修改页面) | emp/1 | GET |
| 来到添加页面 | emp | GET |
| 添加员工 | emp | POST |
| 来到修改页面(查出员工进行信息回显) | emp/1 | GET |
| 修改员工 | emp | PUT |
| 删除员工 | emp/1 | DELETE |
3)、员工列表:
1、抽取公共片段
<div th:fragment="copy">
© 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>
2、引入公共片段
<div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div>
~{templatename::selector}:模板名::选择器
~{templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片段名
3、默认效果:
insert的公共片段在div标签中
如果使用th:insert等属性进行引入,可以不用写~{}:
行内写法可以加上:[[~{}]];[(~{})];
复制代码
三种引入公共片段的th属性:
th:insert:将公共片段整个插入到声明引入的元素中
th:replace:将声明引入的元素替换为公共片段
th:include:将被引入的片段的内容包含进这个标签中
<footer th:fragment="copy">
© 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>
引入方式
<div th:insert="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:include="footer :: copy"></div>
效果
<div>
<footer>
© 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>
</div>
<footer>
© 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>
<div>
© 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>
复制代码
引入片段的时候传入参数:
<nav class="col-md-2 d-none d-md-block bg-light sidebar" id="sidebar">
<div class="sidebar-sticky">
<ul class="nav flex-column">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active"
th:class="${activeUri=='main.html'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}"
href="#" th:href="@{/main.html}">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-home">
<path d="M3 9l9-7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z"></path>
<polyline points="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22"></polyline>
</svg>
Dashboard <span class="sr-only">(current)</span>
</a>
</li>
<!--引入侧边栏;传入参数-->
<div th:replace="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='emps')"></div>
复制代码
添加页面
<form>
<div class="form-group">
<label>LastName</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Email</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Gender</label><br/>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
<label class="form-check-label">男</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
<label class="form-check-label">女</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>department</label>
<select class="form-control">
<option>1</option>
<option>2</option>
<option>3</option>
<option>4</option>
<option>5</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Birth</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">添加</button>
</form>
复制代码
提交的数据格式不对:生日:日期;
2017-12-12;2017/12/12;2017.12.12;
日期的格式化;SpringMVC将页面提交的值需要转换为指定的类型;
2017-12-12---Date; 类型转换,格式化;
默认日期是按照/的方式;
修改添加二合一表单
<!--需要区分是员工修改还是添加;-->
<form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post">
<!--发送put请求修改员工数据-->
<!--
1、SpringMVC中配置HiddenHttpMethodFilter;(SpringBoot自动配置好的)
2、页面创建一个post表单
3、创建一个input项,name="_method";值就是我们指定的请求方式
-->
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put" th:if="${emp!=null}"/>
<input type="hidden" name="id" th:if="${emp!=null}" th:value="${emp.id}">
<div class="form-group">
<label>LastName</label>
<input name="lastName" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.lastName}">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Email</label>
<input name="email" type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Gender</label><br/>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}">
<label class="form-check-label">男</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==0}">
<label class="form-check-label">女</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>department</label>
<!--提交的是部门的id-->
<select class="form-control" name="department.id">
<option th:selected="${emp!=null}?${dept.id == emp.department.id}" th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept:${depts}" th:text="${dept.departmentName}">1</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Birth</label>
<input name="birth" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" th:text="${emp!=null}?'修改':'添加'">添加</button>
</form>
复制代码
<tr th:each="emp:${emps}">
<td th:text="${emp.id}"></td>
<td>[[${emp.lastName}]]</td>
<td th:text="${emp.email}"></td>
<td th:text="${emp.gender}==0?'女':'男'"></td>
<td th:text="${emp.department.departmentName}"></td>
<td th:text="${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}"></td>
<td>
<a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" th:href="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}">编辑</a>
<button th:attr="del_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger deleteBtn">删除</button>
</td>
</tr>
<script>
$(".deleteBtn").click(function(){
//删除当前员工的
$("#deleteEmpForm").attr("action",$(this).attr("del_uri")).submit();
return false;
});
</script>
复制代码
默认效果:
1)、浏览器,返回一个默认的错误页面
浏览器发送请求的请求头:
2)、如果是其他客户端,默认响应一个json数据
原理:
可以参照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration;错误处理的自动配置;
给容器中添加了以下组件 复制代码
1、DefaultErrorAttributes:
帮我们在页面共享信息;
@Override
public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
boolean includeStackTrace) {
Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
return errorAttributes;
}
复制代码
2、BasicErrorController:处理默认/error请求
@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
@RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")//产生html类型的数据;浏览器发送的请求来到这个方法处理
public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) {
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
response.setStatus(status.value());
//去哪个页面作为错误页面;包含页面地址和页面内容
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
}
@RequestMapping
@ResponseBody //产生json数据,其他客户端来到这个方法处理;
public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
}
复制代码
3、ErrorPageCustomizer:
@Value("${error.path:/error}")
private String path = "/error"; 系统出现错误以后来到error请求进行处理;(web.xml注册的错误页面规则)
复制代码
4、DefaultErrorViewResolver:
@Override
public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,
Map<String, Object> model) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
}
return modelAndView;
}
private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
//默认SpringBoot可以去找到一个页面? error/404
String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
//模板引擎可以解析这个页面地址就用模板引擎解析
TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders
.getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
if (provider != null) {
//模板引擎可用的情况下返回到errorViewName指定的视图地址
return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
}
//模板引擎不可用,就在静态资源文件夹下找errorViewName对应的页面 error/404.html
return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
}
复制代码
步骤:
一但系统出现4xx或者5xx之类的错误;ErrorPageCustomizer就会生效(定制错误的响应规则);就会来到/error请求;就会被 BasicErrorController 处理;
1)响应页面;去哪个页面是由 DefaultErrorViewResolver 解析得到的;
protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
//所有的ErrorViewResolver得到ModelAndView
for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
if (modelAndView != null) {
return modelAndView;
}
}
return null;
}
复制代码
1)、有模板引擎的情况下;error/状态码; 【将错误页面命名为 错误状态码.html 放在模板引擎文件夹里面的 error文件夹下】,发生此状态码的错误就会来到 对应的页面;
我们可以使用4xx和5xx作为错误页面的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有错误,精确优先(优先寻找精确的状态码.html);
页面能获取的信息;
timestamp:时间戳
status:状态码
error:错误提示
exception:异常对象
message:异常消息
errors:JSR303数据校验的错误都在这里
2)、没有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到这个错误页面),静态资源文件夹下找;
3)、以上都没有错误页面,就是默认来到SpringBoot默认的错误提示页面;
1)、自定义异常处理&返回定制json数据;
@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionHandler {
@ResponseBody
@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("code","user.notexist");
map.put("message",e.getMessage());
return map;
}
}
//没有自适应效果...
复制代码
2)、转发到/error进行自适应响应效果处理
@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
//传入我们自己的错误状态码 4xx 5xx,否则就不会进入定制错误页面的解析流程
/**
* Integer statusCode = (Integer) request
.getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
*/
request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
map.put("code","user.notexist");
map.put("message",e.getMessage());
//转发到/error
return "forward:/error";
}
复制代码
出现错误以后,会来到/error请求,会被BasicErrorController处理,响应出去可以获取的数据是由getErrorAttributes得到的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)规定的方法);
1、完全来编写一个ErrorController的实现类【或者是编写AbstractErrorController的子类】,放在容器中;
2、页面上能用的数据,或者是json返回能用的数据都是通过errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes得到;
容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes();默认进行数据处理的;
自定义ErrorAttributes
//给容器中加入我们自己定义的ErrorAttributes
@Component
public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {
@Override
public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) {
Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
map.put("company","atguigu");
return map;
}
}
复制代码
最终的效果:响应是自适应的,可以通过定制ErrorAttributes改变需要返回的内容,
SpringBoot默认使用Tomcat作为嵌入式的Servlet容器;
1、修改和server有关的配置(ServerProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】);
server.port=8081 server.context-path=/crud server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8 //通用的Servlet容器设置 server.xxx //Tomcat的设置 server.tomcat.xxx 复制代码
2、编写一个 EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer :嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器;来修改Servlet容器的配置
@Bean //一定要将这个定制器加入到容器中
public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){
return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {
//定制嵌入式的Servlet容器相关的规则
@Override
public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
container.setPort(8083);
}
};
}
复制代码
由于SpringBoot默认是以jar包的方式启动嵌入式的Servlet容器来启动SpringBoot的web应用,没有web.xml文件。
注册三大组件用以下方式
ServletRegistrationBean
//注册三大组件
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){
ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(),"/myServlet");
return registrationBean;
}
复制代码
FilterRegistrationBean
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){
FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter());
registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet"));
return registrationBean;
}
复制代码
ServletListenerRegistrationBean
@Bean
public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){
ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener());
return registrationBean;
}
复制代码
SpringBoot帮我们自动SpringMVC的时候,自动的注册SpringMVC的前端控制器;DIspatcherServlet;
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中:
@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(
DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {
ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(
dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping());
//默认拦截: / 所有请求;包静态资源,但是不拦截jsp请求; /*会拦截jsp
//可以通过server.servletPath来修改SpringMVC前端控制器默认拦截的请求路径
registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
registration.setLoadOnStartup(
this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
}
return registration;
}
复制代码
2)、SpringBoot能不能支持其他的Servlet容器;
3)、替换为其他嵌入式Servlet容器
默认支持:
Tomcat(默认使用)
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> 引入web模块默认就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat作为Servlet容器; </dependency> 复制代码
Jetty
<!-- 引入web模块 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<!--引入其他的Servlet容器-->
<dependency>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>
复制代码
Undertow
<!-- 引入web模块 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<!--引入其他的Servlet容器-->
<dependency>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>
复制代码
EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration:嵌入式的Servlet容器自动配置?
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class)
//导入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar:Spring注解版;给容器中导入一些组件
//导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor:
//后置处理器:bean初始化前后(创建完对象,还没赋值赋值)执行初始化工作
public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration {
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判断当前是否引入了Tomcat依赖;
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)//判断当前容器没有用户自己定义EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂;作用:创建嵌入式的Servlet容器
public static class EmbeddedTomcat {
@Bean
public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}
}
/**
* Nested configuration if Jetty is being used.
*/
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class,
WebAppContext.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public static class EmbeddedJetty {
@Bean
public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}
}
/**
* Nested configuration if Undertow is being used.
*/
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public static class EmbeddedUndertow {
@Bean
public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}
}
复制代码
1)、EmbeddedServletContainerFactory(嵌入式Servlet容器工厂)
public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {
//获取嵌入式的Servlet容器
EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
ServletContextInitializer... initializers);
}
复制代码
2)、EmbeddedServletContainer:(嵌入式的Servlet容器)
3)、以 TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory 为例
@Override
public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
//创建一个Tomcat
Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
//配置Tomcat的基本环节
File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory
: createTempDir("tomcat"));
tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
customizeConnector(connector);
tomcat.setConnector(connector);
tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
}
prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
//将配置好的Tomcat传入进去,返回一个EmbeddedServletContainer;并且启动Tomcat服务器
return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);
}
复制代码
4)、我们对嵌入式容器的配置修改是怎么生效?
ServerProperties、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer 复制代码
EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:定制器帮我们修改了Servlet容器的配置?
怎么修改的原理?
5)、容器中导入了 EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor
//初始化之前
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
//如果当前初始化的是一个ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer类型的组件
if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {
//
postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);
}
return bean;
}
private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(
ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {
//获取所有的定制器,调用每一个定制器的customize方法来给Servlet容器进行属性赋值;
for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {
customizer.customize(bean);
}
}
private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {
if (this.customizers == null) {
// Look up does not include the parent context
this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(
this.beanFactory
//从容器中获取所有这葛类型的组件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
//定制Servlet容器,给容器中可以添加一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类型的组件
.getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,
false, false)
.values());
Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);
}
return this.customizers;
}
ServerProperties也是定制器
复制代码
步骤:
1)、SpringBoot根据导入的依赖情况,给容器中添加相应的EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】
2)、容器中某个组件要创建对象就会惊动后置处理器;EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;
只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂,后置处理器就工作;
3)、后置处理器,从容器中获取所有的 EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer ,调用定制器的定制方法
什么时候创建嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂?什么时候获取嵌入式的Servlet容器并启动Tomcat;
获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:
1)、SpringBoot应用启动运行run方法
2)、refreshContext(context);SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【创建IOC容器对象,并初始化容器,创建容器中的每一个组件】;如果是web应用创建 AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext ,否则: AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
3)、refresh(context); 刷新刚才创建好的ioc容器;
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
// Prepare this context for refreshing.
prepareRefresh();
// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
try {
// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// Initialize message source for this context.
initMessageSource();
// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
initApplicationEventMulticaster();
// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
onRefresh();
// Check for listener beans and register them.
registerListeners();
// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
// Last step: publish corresponding event.
finishRefresh();
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
}
// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
destroyBeans();
// Reset 'active' flag.
cancelRefresh(ex);
// Propagate exception to caller.
throw ex;
}
finally {
// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
resetCommonCaches();
}
}
}
复制代码
4)、 onRefresh(); web的ioc容器重写了onRefresh方法
5)、webioc容器会创建嵌入式的Servlet容器; createEmbeddedServletContainer ();
EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
从ioc容器中获取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 组件; TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory 创建对象,后置处理器一看是这个对象,就获取所有的定制器来先定制Servlet容器的相关配置;
7)、 使用容器工厂获取嵌入式的Servlet容器 :this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory .getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());
8)、嵌入式的Servlet容器创建对象并启动Servlet容器;
嵌入式Servlet容器:应用打成可执行的jar
优点:简单、便携;
缺点:默认不支持JSP、优化定制比较复杂(使用定制器【ServerProperties、自定义EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,自己编写嵌入式Servlet容器的创建工厂【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】);
外置的Servlet容器:外面安装Tomcat---应用war包的方式打包;
1)、必须创建一个war项目;(利用idea创建好目录结构)
2)、将嵌入式的Tomcat指定为provided;
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> 复制代码
3)、必须编写一个 SpringBootServletInitializer 的子类,并调用configure方法
public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
@Override
protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
//传入SpringBoot应用的主程序
return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class);
}
}
复制代码
4)、启动服务器就可以使用;
jar包:执行SpringBoot主类的main方法,启动ioc容器,创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;
war包:启动服务器, 服务器启动SpringBoot应用 【SpringBootServletInitializer】,启动ioc容器;
servlet3.0(Spring注解版):
8.2.4 Shared libraries / runtimes pluggability:
规则:
1)、服务器启动(web应用启动)会创建当前web应用里面每一个jar包里面ServletContainerInitializer实例:
2)、ServletContainerInitializer的实现放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夹下,有一个名为javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,内容就是ServletContainerInitializer的实现类的全类名
3)、还可以使用@HandlesTypes,在应用启动的时候加载我们感兴趣的类;
流程:
1)、启动Tomcat
2)、org/springframework/spring-web/4.3.14.RELEASE/spring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar!/META-INF/services/javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:
Spring的web模块里面有这个文件: org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer
3)、SpringServletContainerInitializer将@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)标注的所有这个类型的类都传入到onStartup方法的Set<Class<?>>;为这些WebApplicationInitializer类型的类创建实例;
4)、每一个WebApplicationInitializer都调用自己的onStartup;
5)、相当于我们的SpringBootServletInitializer的类会被创建对象,并执行onStartup方法
6)、SpringBootServletInitializer实例执行onStartup的时候会createRootApplicationContext;创建容器
protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(
ServletContext servletContext) {
//1、创建SpringApplicationBuilder
SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();
StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment();
environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null);
builder.environment(environment);
builder.main(getClass());
ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
if (parent != null) {
this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
servletContext.setAttribute(
WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null);
builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));
}
builder.initializers(
new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));
builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);
//调用configure方法,子类重写了这个方法,将SpringBoot的主程序类传入了进来
builder = configure(builder);
//使用builder创建一个Spring应用
SpringApplication application = builder.build();
if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils
.findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {
application.getSources().add(getClass());
}
Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),
"No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "
+ "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
// Ensure error pages are registered
if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);
}
//启动Spring应用
return run(application);
}
复制代码
7)、Spring的应用就启动并且创建IOC容器
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start();
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
configureHeadlessProperty();
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
listeners.starting();
try {
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
args);
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
applicationArguments);
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
context = createApplicationContext();
analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
printedBanner);
//刷新IOC容器
refreshContext(context);
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
listeners.finished(context, null);
stopWatch.stop();
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
.logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
return context;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
}
复制代码
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> 复制代码
spring:
datasource:
username: root
password: 123456
url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.15.22:3306/jdbc
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
复制代码
效果:
默认是用org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource作为数据源;
数据源的相关配置都在DataSourceProperties里面;
自动配置原理:
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc:
1、参考DataSourceConfiguration,根据配置创建数据源,默认使用Tomcat连接池;可以使用spring.datasource.type指定自定义的数据源类型;
2、SpringBoot默认可以支持;
org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource、HikariDataSource、BasicDataSource、 复制代码
3、自定义数据源类型
/**
* Generic DataSource configuration.
*/
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(DataSource.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "spring.datasource.type")
static class Generic {
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource(DataSourceProperties properties) {
//使用DataSourceBuilder创建数据源,利用反射创建响应type的数据源,并且绑定相关属性
return properties.initializeDataSourceBuilder().build();
}
}
复制代码
作用:
1)、runSchemaScripts();运行建表语句;
2)、runDataScripts();运行插入数据的sql语句;
默认只需要将文件命名为:
schema-*.sql、data-*.sql
默认规则:schema.sql,schema-all.sql;
可以使用
schema:
- classpath:department.sql
指定位置
复制代码
5、操作数据库:自动配置了JdbcTemplate操作数据库
导入druid数据源
@Configuration
public class DruidConfig {
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
@Bean
public DataSource druid(){
return new DruidDataSource();
}
//配置Druid的监控
//1、配置一个管理后台的Servlet
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean statViewServlet(){
ServletRegistrationBean bean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*");
Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
initParams.put("loginUsername","admin");
initParams.put("loginPassword","123456");
initParams.put("allow","");//默认就是允许所有访问
initParams.put("deny","192.168.15.21");
bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
return bean;
}
//2、配置一个web监控的filter
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean webStatFilter(){
FilterRegistrationBean bean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
bean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter());
Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
initParams.put("exclusions","*.js,*.css,/druid/*");
bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
bean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/*"));
return bean;
}
}
复制代码
<dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>1.3.1</version> </dependency> 复制代码
步骤:
1)、配置数据源相关属性(见上一节Druid)
2)、给数据库建表
3)、创建JavaBean
//指定这是一个操作数据库的mapper
@Mapper
public interface DepartmentMapper {
@Select("select * from department where id=#{id}")
public Department getDeptById(Integer id);
@Delete("delete from department where id=#{id}")
public int deleteDeptById(Integer id);
@Options(useGeneratedKeys = true,keyProperty = "id")
@Insert("insert into department(departmentName) values(#{departmentName})")
public int insertDept(Department department);
@Update("update department set departmentName=#{departmentName} where id=#{id}")
public int updateDept(Department department);
}
复制代码
问题:
自定义MyBatis的配置规则;给容器中添加一个ConfigurationCustomizer;
@org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
public class MyBatisConfig {
@Bean
public ConfigurationCustomizer configurationCustomizer(){
return new ConfigurationCustomizer(){
@Override
public void customize(Configuration configuration) {
configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true);
}
};
}
}
复制代码
使用MapperScan批量扫描所有的Mapper接口;
@MapperScan(value = "com.atguigu.springboot.mapper")
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBoot06DataMybatisApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringBoot06DataMybatisApplication.class, args);
}
}
复制代码
mybatis: config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml 指定全局配置文件的位置 mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml 指定sql映射文件的位置 复制代码
更多使用参照
www.mybatis.org/spring-boot…
JPA:ORM(Object Relational Mapping);
1)、编写一个实体类(bean)和数据表进行映射,并且配置好映射关系;
//使用JPA注解配置映射关系
@Entity //告诉JPA这是一个实体类(和数据表映射的类)
@Table(name = "tbl_user") //@Table来指定和哪个数据表对应;如果省略默认表名就是user;
public class User {
@Id //这是一个主键
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)//自增主键
private Integer id;
@Column(name = "last_name",length = 50) //这是和数据表对应的一个列
private String lastName;
@Column //省略默认列名就是属性名
private String email;
复制代码
2)、编写一个Dao接口来操作实体类对应的数据表(Repository)
//继承JpaRepository来完成对数据库的操作
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Integer> {
}
复制代码
3)、基本的配置JpaProperties
spring:
jpa:
hibernate:
# 更新或者创建数据表结构
ddl-auto: update
# 控制台显示SQL
show-sql: true
复制代码
几个重要的事件回调机制
配置在META-INF/spring.factories
只需要放在ioc容器中
启动流程:
initialize(sources);
private void initialize(Object[] sources) {
//保存主配置类
if (sources != null && sources.length > 0) {
this.sources.addAll(Arrays.asList(sources));
}
//判断当前是否一个web应用
this.webEnvironment = deduceWebEnvironment();
//从类路径下找到META-INF/spring.factories配置的所有ApplicationContextInitializer;然后保存起来
setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(
ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
//从类路径下找到ETA-INF/spring.factories配置的所有ApplicationListener
setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
//从多个配置类中找到有main方法的主配置类
this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
}
复制代码
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start();
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
configureHeadlessProperty();
//获取SpringApplicationRunListeners;从类路径下META-INF/spring.factories
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
//回调所有的获取SpringApplicationRunListener.starting()方法
listeners.starting();
try {
//封装命令行参数
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
args);
//准备环境
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
applicationArguments);
//创建环境完成后回调SpringApplicationRunListener.environmentPrepared();表示环境准备完成
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
//创建ApplicationContext;决定创建web的ioc还是普通的ioc
context = createApplicationContext();
analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
//准备上下文环境;将environment保存到ioc中;而且applyInitializers();
//applyInitializers():回调之前保存的所有的ApplicationContextInitializer的initialize方法
//回调所有的SpringApplicationRunListener的contextPrepared();
//
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
printedBanner);
//prepareContext运行完成以后回调所有的SpringApplicationRunListener的contextLoaded();
//s刷新容器;ioc容器初始化(如果是web应用还会创建嵌入式的Tomcat);Spring注解版
//扫描,创建,加载所有组件的地方;(配置类,组件,自动配置)
refreshContext(context);
//从ioc容器中获取所有的ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner进行回调
//ApplicationRunner先回调,CommandLineRunner再回调
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
//所有的SpringApplicationRunListener回调finished方法
listeners.finished(context, null);
stopWatch.stop();
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
.logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
//整个SpringBoot应用启动完成以后返回启动的ioc容器;
return context;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
}
复制代码
配置在META-INF/spring.factories
public class HelloApplicationContextInitializer implements ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext> {
@Override
public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext) {
System.out.println("ApplicationContextInitializer...initialize..."+applicationContext);
}
}
复制代码
public class HelloSpringApplicationRunListener implements SpringApplicationRunListener {
//必须有的构造器
public HelloSpringApplicationRunListener(SpringApplication application, String[] args){
}
@Override
public void starting() {
System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...starting...");
}
@Override
public void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
Object o = environment.getSystemProperties().get("os.name");
System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...environmentPrepared.."+o);
}
@Override
public void contextPrepared(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...contextPrepared...");
}
@Override
public void contextLoaded(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...contextLoaded...");
}
@Override
public void finished(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Throwable exception) {
System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...finished...");
}
}
复制代码
配置(META-INF/spring.factories)
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=/ com.atguigu.springboot.listener.HelloApplicationContextInitializer org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener=/ com.atguigu.springboot.listener.HelloSpringApplicationRunListener 复制代码
只需要放在ioc容器中
@Component
public class HelloApplicationRunner implements ApplicationRunner {
@Override
public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("ApplicationRunner...run....");
}
}
复制代码
@Component
public class HelloCommandLineRunner implements CommandLineRunner {
@Override
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("CommandLineRunner...run..."+ Arrays.asList(args));
}
}
复制代码
starter:
1、这个场景需要使用到的依赖是什么?
2、如何编写自动配置
@Configuration //指定这个类是一个配置类 @ConditionalOnXXX //在指定条件成立的情况下自动配置类生效 @AutoConfigureAfter //指定自动配置类的顺序 @Bean //给容器中添加组件 @ConfigurationPropertie结合相关xxxProperties类来绑定相关的配置 @EnableConfigurationProperties //让xxxProperties生效加入到容器中 自动配置类要能加载 将需要启动就加载的自动配置类,配置在META-INF/spring.factories org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=/ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,/ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,/ 复制代码
3、模式:
启动器只用来做依赖导入;
专门来写一个自动配置模块;
启动器依赖自动配置;别人只需要引入启动器(starter)
mybatis-spring-boot-starter;自定义启动器名-spring-boot-starter
步骤:
1)、启动器模块
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.atguigu.starter</groupId>
<artifactId>atguigu-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<!--启动器-->
<dependencies>
<!--引入自动配置模块-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.atguigu.starter</groupId>
<artifactId>atguigu-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
复制代码
2)、自动配置模块
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.atguigu.starter</groupId>
<artifactId>atguigu-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>atguigu-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.10.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--引入spring-boot-starter;所有starter的基本配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
复制代码
package com.atguigu.starter;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "atguigu.hello")
public class HelloProperties {
private String prefix;
private String suffix;
public String getPrefix() {
return prefix;
}
public void setPrefix(String prefix) {
this.prefix = prefix;
}
public String getSuffix() {
return suffix;
}
public void setSuffix(String suffix) {
this.suffix = suffix;
}
}
复制代码
package com.atguigu.starter;
public class HelloService {
HelloProperties helloProperties;
public HelloProperties getHelloProperties() {
return helloProperties;
}
public void setHelloProperties(HelloProperties helloProperties) {
this.helloProperties = helloProperties;
}
public String sayHellAtguigu(String name){
return helloProperties.getPrefix()+"-" +name + helloProperties.getSuffix();
}
}
复制代码
package com.atguigu.starter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnWebApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication //web应用才生效
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HelloProperties.class)
public class HelloServiceAutoConfiguration {
@Autowired
HelloProperties helloProperties;
@Bean
public HelloService helloService(){
HelloService service = new HelloService();
service.setHelloProperties(helloProperties);
return service;
}
}
复制代码